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MEMOIRS

ov

HYDROGRAPHY

INCLUDING

Brief Biogmphics of the Pyincipal Officc/s who have Served in

EM. NAVAL SURVEYING SERVICE

BETWEEN THE YEARS 1750 and 1885

COMPILLD BY

COMMANDER L. S. DAWSON, R.N.

Tisr T^wo n?^i?;Ts.

Part II.— 1830 to 1885.

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F.ASTnOURNE: HENRY W. KKAV. TIIK " IMPERIAL EIDKaRV

1885.

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PREFACE.

IN the compilation of Part II. of the Memoirs of Hydrography, the endeavour has been to give the ser^'ices of the many excellent surveying officers of the late Indian Navy, equal prominence with those of the Royal Navy.

Except in the geographical abridgment, under the heading of '^ Progress of Martr.c Surveys^ attached to the Memoirs of the various Hydrographers the personal services of o^.ccrs still on the Active List, and employed in the sur^^"ying service of the Royal Navy, have not been alluded to ; thereby the lines of official etiquette will not have been over-stepped.

L. S. D.

January, 1S85.

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CONTENTS OF PART 11.

CHAPTER I.

Beaufort, Progress 1829 to 1854, Fitzroy, Belcher, Graves, Raper, Blackwood, Barral, Arlett, Frazer, Owen Stanley, J. L. Stokes, Sulivan, Berard, Collinson, Lloyd, Otter, Kellctt. La Place, Schubert, Haines,' Nolloth, Brock, Spratt, C. G. Robinson, Sheringham, Williams, Becher, Bate, Church, Powell, K. J. Bedford, Elwon, Kthersey, Carless, G. A. Bedford, James Wood, Wolfe, Balleny, Wilkes, W. Allen, Maury, IMiles, INIooney, R. B. Beechcy, P. Shortland, Yule, Lord, Burdwood, Dayman, Drury, Barrow, Christopher, John Wood. Harding, Kortright, Johnson, Du Petit Thouars, Lawrance, Klint, W. Smyth, Dunsterville, Cox, F. W. L. Thomas, Biddlecombe, Gordon, Bird Allen, Curtis, Edyc, F. Robinson, Bourchier, Orlebar, Mercer, Veitch, Alldridge, Glover, Felix Jones, Whitelock, Montriou

PAGE

CHAPTER H.

Washington, Progress 1854 to 1863, Smith, Sanders, Selby, Grieve, E. K. Calver, PuUen, Aird, Hoskyn, JefTery, Richards, Sidney, Skead, Usborne, Scott Taylor, Biirstai, Cudlij), A. D. Taylor, Constable, Creyke, Ward, He^thcote, Stanton, Bewsher, Sweny, Fell

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CHAPTER HL

Richards, Progress 1863 to 1874, RLinscll, Davis, Whish, Parsons, Ward, Bullock, lirooker, Chinimo, Inskip, McDougal, Hall. Mayne, Reed, Pender, Wilkinson, Nans, Wilds, Hutchison, Hull, May, St. John, Collingwood, Howard, BedwcU, Gray

'34

CHAPTER IV,

Evans, Progress 1874 to 18R4, Appendix, Marine Surveys of India, United States Coast Survi>y, Chronological Table of Discovery, Ka:ly llisto.y of Chrono- meters and their Introduction as Aids to Naviga'ion in the Royal Navy . 1 79

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REAR-ADMIEAL SIR iRAlICIS BEAUFORT, X.C.B., D.C.L., F.R.S.,

ny-^.ographer, 1S20 to 1855.

CIIAPTEll I.

Filzroy, Belcher, Craves, Rnpcr, Blackwood, Barral, Arlctt, Frarci, Owen Stanley, J. L. Stokes, Sulivan, Berard, Colliiison, Lhivil, Oltcr, Kclktt, La I'lacc, jtluibcrt, Ilaincs, Nollotli, Brock, Spralt, (". G. Rdbiii.vin, Slicrinyham, Williams, Bcclicr, Bate, (Jliurcli, I'owell, !•". J. Bedford, Elwon, Klhcrscy, Carle G. A. Bedford, Krazer, James Wood, Wolfe, Ballcny, WUkcs, W. Allen, Ma.iry, Miles, oncy, R, B. Bcccliey, 1'. Sliortland, Yule, Lord, Burdwood, Dayman,

Drury, Kerliallet, Montiavel, Jolin Wood, HirdiiiV'. Kortritjlii, Johnson, Dii Petit Thouars, Lawrence, Kliiit, W. Smyth, Duns'tcrville, Cox, F, W. I.. Thomas, R. B. Bcechey, Biddlecombe, Gordon, ]tird Allen, Curtis, Kdye, !■'. Robinson, Bourthicr, Urkbar, Mercer, Veitch, AUdridjje, Dayman, Gluver, L'elix Jones, Whilelock, Montriou.

Fr.-incis Beaufort, born in 1774, was s.cond son of the late Rev. Daniel A. Beaufort. D.D., Rector of Navan, county Meatii, and Vicai- of Collon, county Louth, a divine of great learning and piety, descended from an ancient and noble French family, and author of one of the best maps of Ireland, and of a valuable memoir on the topographical and civil and ecclesiastical state of that country. His si iter was the fourth wife of the late Richavi L. F.dgeworth, the celebrated writer on cducatioii and inventions, father by a former marriage of Miss Maria Kdgeworth, the distinguished novelist.

He entered the Navy 21st June, 1787, his name being borne as a vck.ntccr on the books of the Colossus, but his first voyaf^e was made in the Witisillai!, Kast Indiaman, as a "guinea pig" — that is in virtue of the payment of a hundred guineas, and here he alTorded valuable assistance to his commander, t'aiit.'.in I,i stock Wilson, in surveying the .^trait of (]aspar. This survey was just conipKieil when the }',ins://ci// struck ui)on a rock olf the island of Banca. near the spot where the '/'i\nisil went down in 181:7. A hole was Steve, and all elVort had to he maile to ki-cp the ship nlloat, till the Hat slioie of Sumatra could be reached. She was run aground on an island, seven miles I'rom Banca, the crew escaping in the boats, with the loss ol iix lives. This occurred in August, 1789.

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* MEMOIRS OF

'/ '-32. one of Lo.d I owe s repeaters in the action olT Brest of the

'■ ' " J""'' ■'«■ X;jrs" t?"^'"'T^ "^=-^«i^' - ^JoSi-^p^

er

the line, the King an.. ..„,,„

AquiloH to sail round the fleet It vVnc r^r^K,l i "i "" ',"■"" '"". ^'^t"-"' '-'■•'. »eii; on uoara ttie from drowning-(hc dose ibed himVe f^ n^ ^^' ^''°" '*'" ^.V'""^ "^^' '^^^ ^^ nearly perished ships")-no record of the year r^^iln ^ >:°""fff''^'- ^^ Portsmo.uh in one of 'the king's sensations experienced on the cccf on' J ?{'}'''''' \° ^'- ^^'oli^^'on describing the Barrow, he slates that u"e prinS ov^nts nf ?^ "• J''% Autobiography of Sir "john par.oranr., each act bcinTaccornSed hv n ^ ■ ^'''' '''^^ P^'^'^^J ^^^^'^ l>im as in a

saved, however, and afSr^nder^^.W tl,^ ^ consciousness of right or wrong. He was by letting his head hang dSwnSdf le nrS 17?-""? '/" ^''''''' ■ '"^ '^^^ «-''"°-d recovered. The feelings as consc ou;nes fet, rn ' H i ' ""f '''^/'".^ ^'" administered he in every point to those which he had iu^t-,-' ^^ ^^'^'^cnbcd by him, as the reverse valuable as coming from one as sin^u arv3h T""^" I"',':'-'--^''"? in 'tself. the story is detailing it. For some ?rars B^uforM a^^ho n, '" .^•^'-•°'^'';'.ff c.xperience, as skilled in previously alluded to. Follulw his cant.i^. ,^^^ f'"''"' °'^ ^'°^^ "°^^'^''^ ^^^'^"^

he was serving in that sh rwhcm CornK ,s" ^^ / ^"^''^^°''"^^-°^^ the /%.../.;,

fleet, ,7th June, ,795. In Th s shin T nor ormM' ," ^^''f '^'"' retreat f.om the French t!-. barge and two cutters underts orders and '.. "" r ^'■''' ^'?"''^"'^>' ^^-^=^^^''"S ^"'^ Spanish polacre-rigged sh p 6^^ /;?,i ^r "1 "'^J""'''"^ after an obstinate resistance the under the protection of 5 g^uns of { t/L^res^^^""'• ^\ ^^^"^'^"- ^"'1 " ^okhers. moored Frc.ich priCateer. For this "Li r L euh-n n? ,f ""f 7^"' "''f ^y^^'aga, and flanked by a head and several slugs t rough L S^"' ' ''] 7'' ''''° '"^' '^'^'^'^ ^ ^^"""^ *" 'h^ commission, and a pens on of f!']^''"^J^'^\ody,,.:,s rewarded with a Commander's annum. ^ "^ +'• '"' ^^- ^ ''"^ ^^^s increased in 1815 to /'iz^ per

'a^re^orrergryfs°Cvet"'^D;^^^^^ ^'^ ^■- '« ^'>e formation

as Ireland was liaWe to nSon f om contine^^^^^^^^^^ "" "^'^'^'r '^ ^f'"' importance as long acknowledgment, he received tJe t^ks o7 GovSm™'"" ' "^ "'"' ''"''■""'"^ ''^">- °""^'

voJjcS^ lndfa,'LSSt;l^rS''^'^ "'f ■'';^ ^^' -'-■ -^"^^ - ^^'-h he con- Plate, proceeding thence to the cLpe and MauHtius^^' ' ""' ''''''' '" "'"•^•^■'"^' ""-' ^^'-

appointed to command llJf^^y^lJ"'^ L l^.lT'T ,^''''i ."""^ '".,-\''-^>' '«'». ''^ ^vas meantime being occupied in protect thnn. ."''' J?'" ""'" "^■^'^■ml'er, in the

Gibraltar in accompanying wo'Su Mi e^^^ '"^'^' '° ^'^^"'"'■"' ^'-'i^. -nd

some months as Capta n of the V VA^^ ?/ /' /^ !" . '" '? ^^'^^^rcn ; and in acting for

Edward I'ellew. ^ "^^ ^'""' ^ ''^st-ratc, in the fleet ort" Toulon undc"r Sir

Beaufort's " K.ramania" w I rgrc^fl.olou'.v'l '"?'"'" ^'^' ^'"^ ^^'"^^'"^ °'" •"•""^i""^' learned, and full of interest bo h fo l1 e mS of . ' '/-^''^'-V-sounJ, substantial and

that induced Fellowcs, Spratt Fort „u(l?nrl"' v'' .*'"'' '\ ''^'"^''- '^ ^^'^^^ ^'''^ l'<'»k

worksof art extant the e.ind to bS^ me hVcr^^ ''"°"' '" ^ "" '^''""^' "^ ^•■'■'"' ^'f ""-^ ' ^""*^ °''' ^'"' I^'il'carn.'ssian marbles to the linti.h Museum.

After much hazardous service atrainsf 1U0 ,v,r-., o • /- 1

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so as to be fit for engrl^.1ng Sul'^irS^ir' "' '^°'''"" ^'"'^="' '^"'^^^'^ ^"^ ^"^"^^'i

Hydrogra'phe; ttd^Xrhc rd'n"o '^ ^f ^'^/k^ ^,'^^"'°^' '' ^°'^ ^^^'^'"<^ f°^ the post of of scic°,ce^ There wcrf rSam aJnUrnf,^" '" '^'' ''"u" '"u^ ^•"^>' ^""^ '" ""^^^ ^'^er branches and left for Aust a] ^ the sellctfo^n -v^J con^^^^^^^^ '^'^' -^"^ V" "^5' "*^*^" ^^^^^ ''''^^'^ Hey wood (formerly midshiDrnnn nf tt/^° . n ?-^ ''^°"'^ "'^ two-either Captain Peter Captain Heywood had he vacant offir^ fr^l5'\°' ^^P'""? ^*^^"^°^'- ^' ^^' ^een said that not, Lord AlelviUe, acting unde^he^ivrrJo^^^ but declined. Whether this ^vas so or

to the Hydrographers in and vervenHv ,?^L l^°^'!^^^'f°'^' ^PF^inted Captain Beaufort and St. PetensbuVcSructed hel Fv'?f V' ""^u' \^' """t^ °" ''^^^^ Copenhagen

e.xistencethrough?heSS"en;?g7whicrh?;u;rto"h^sSr'^ ^°°' ^ "^" ^^^"^ ^"'^

Icsll tt Sf t'h?;?;. '5uo^4rher'Snn? '^d ' ''^ '^P"'"^."/ ^ '"^^^ -ap-office-small, cheer- scalo was only beg nnigrfve wer" not vetln'^fM!'- ^^'"- ""' /"^^^'"^ °" ^" "'<="ded S.nyth, King and Owen and the H.drL^.n^ ^^" P^^^^^sion of the labours of Flinders,

tha^n the guL or origrnatorof nau a "^ e'^^" The staTe o?tf '"' ''' ^"PP°^'^^ ''''''' no mear.s satisfactory; scarcely a foreign or rnlnn;n *' '^ ^"^^<^>'"ff service was by

England were but partially sounded wf,^^ survey was in existence; the coasts of

had been undertaken I e Sn a Vri .n r"'"1 ^"'^ ^;"''"'' "°'h'"^ really definite

all the maritime surveys of the^orld^nL T'^'; '::' ^^'^'"^^ ^^ '"'^"^^^d to comprise

for a thorough exploration in tefirTt place u" tet ^"'''f^ °'^'.""' ''^'"^ '^"''"^'^ done thoroughly throughout his whole form nf ^V k .'^^■P'^"^^/ on his own energy was vhich breaks the heart of ever h ' Idv nnn^n / ' \^"r' A'' ^""^ '° ^"'^"^^ ^he afi]iction. aims an 1 plans bv failure Tf s mSv ?n t So . I'T't^^P"'""'"'"'-'^'^ ^^"''"ff °f his fcsted either in oppos" ion to^Su Vrninr?! ^"''^ the power and the purse-mani-

lieaufort had so slo^^ what his offiL^nlhh. '^f ^^'"?°">: '" Providing for them. After Kurope, he was compdled 'to ee tt^m .f ladtlall ^n?',^"'''' "T'^' ''''y Government in mortification to compare our Ilydroir^nhicy non?^ outstripping his own. It is no small at St. Petersburg. Copenha'^cn and" Vi 1 inl.nn^ "'^?* '"'^ 'Y '"^^ ^'^"^' °^ ^"'^ '^ose undcr^■aluc what they LnotuncStnnd" wft?!;;,^ "The natural tendency of men is to the chair of the R03I1 Society lUuSls^sdlgressi^^^ '""' '''"'' ''°'''' ""^ """^^ ^^"^

ri^t^?iec!^:Sv;^'!,^rtt^

and what he had at heart lad ?o be nn. . " T^"^, ^^^ '•""'"'''^ '" '''« labours,

principle appeared som ■ 1 ng mi ac 1 l.u Da n' h""r^''"''- "'^ l"'^"^'^^ ^"^''■^'"^J ^'X be seen entering the .Admiriltv ns H 1 ..i. . ^ 7 ^^^'' ^°' ? q"arter of a century, he might

vay which few L n e n ler;^^; A man who':''"'' T-'"' "«!" ''°"^^ '"-' ^^■°^'^-' '" ^

the Admiralty for his nriva c c r es L In ""' '"' °''" '^"^'^-rMper and pens to

other than okial IulS . F ^ nan un-'sTe ro? TV" ""''T' ''l' 'f'^^'' ''""'^ "'"' before his official day began. Tl i too \t ,t -,. nf . . '' '''"'' ''°'''"^' ''^^^ '^''^'^ ''°"f^ A, :r 1 I , ' '"^ ^S^ °^ between si.xty and seventy years

-limlion of'Vseful iSi;.;^,,? Z^i'^^T!"'''''''^ 'r" ^ ^'T '° ^^' "^ ^^P^ ^^ '^e to superintend their pre a, .^^ ' n va n '.'n'l ''"" ''' "T"'' •' ".'" "" ^''"""*^- ''^' °""^-^<^^l his knowledge. lie nevlr . ;.d , , P«lanuy .n his industry any more than in

honest rebu^ whl^ i? wal dlsenl^Vnd 'm^if be':^,;:^'' ''"''' ''''^ " ^"^ ^''^'' ^^^

co!onia]'M,r^5'trwL:;w:S.t::';'i"/;"'^^ ^"^^■'^>°^ ^^ "-' ^--n charge or a

it d.Mrable that t S^e S ; r £;.'of 7;

himself '"- ^ ''"'""" °' '"^ ^"'"^s to another, he thus expressed

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4 MEMOIRS OF

'■Nor indeed do I think any divided command of that sort would succeed were the abi ities and experience of the officer you mention of the highest order. I have no idea that a survey can be well achieved unless the planner and director is actually the principal executive labourer also and with a mind intent on the one great obfect, to the exclusion of all other pursuits If, therefore, your private affairs or your legislative duties, or your health, or any other cause leads you to wish for rest, say so to me at once, and I will endeavour to provide some officer, to whom you can impart all your views, and who will be able to guide the extensive machinery you have organised."

Not as a niere servant of the Board, but as a man with mind and energy to think and act or himself, did Captain Beaufort undertake the onerous duties that lay before him. He knew that there was scarcely what could be termed a correct chart of any poriion of the globe, in existence when he accepted office. Seconded by an able staff of surveyors, proud to serve under one so competent to appreciate their labours, he soon gave them occupation. !• itzroy was despatched to complete the survey of South America ; Belcher, Kellett and Wood were sent to the south coast of America and of .Mexico; Vidal, Denham, Skyring and Arlett were charged to complete the west coast of Africa ; Blackwood and Owen Man ey to survey the northern coast of Australia and New Guinea; Sulivan went to the l^alKland Islands and River Plate ; Stokes and Drury to New Zealand ; Bate to Palawan • ^olhnson to China; Owen and Barnett to the West Indies ; Bayfield and Shorlland to the M. Lawrence and Nova Scotia: Graves and Spratt (pupils of Sinvth) to the Greek Archipelago; Hewett to the North Sea; Beechev to the Irish Sea, while others spread their labours over different portions of the United Kingdom. The master mind of Beaufort which directed these efforts for a quarter of a centnrv, did more for the advancement of maritime geography than was effected by all the surveyors of European countries united AH men of science, as well as t.avellers and geographical explorers, always obtained from JJeaulort the clearest information, communicated in the heartiest manner. Not trusting to others what he could do with his own pair of compasses and pen, there was no public servant who more uprightly served his Sovereign and country.

His first wife (the daughter of his first commander, Captain Lestock Wilson) died of a lingering and most painful disease. His second marriage with a sister of Maria Edgcworth the novelist) secured a friend to himself and daughters for many of the latter vcars of his life. He became Rear-Admiral on the retired list rather than .';ui render his office ; but he never liked his "yellow flag," and his retirement was but slightly solaced by the KCB conferred in 1848. '

/ ^T"i? l''f I'r"''!''^ ^""^'■■^ ^''"^ ^^°^° °^ ^''^ iiccessive offices of Commissioner of Pilotage (1835). 1 idal Harbour Commission (1845). He was corresponding member of the Institute 01 1' ranee ; U.C.L. of Oxford ; and an honorary member of various foreign societies. He was long a distinguished Fellow of the Royal Astronomical and Geological Societies, and one of the founders of the Royal Geographical Society.

On his retiremc.it from the post of Il.vdrographer a subscription was entered into for the purpose of presenting him with a tribute of respect in consideration of his lo..g and eminent services. J Ins took the form of a half-length portrait, painted by Stephen Pearce. which now graces the walls of the painted hall at Greenwich, the interest of that part of the fund remaining over being devoted to the founding of the "Beaufort Testimonial." the blue riband of the junior executive oncers of the Navv even to the present dav, the winner, in a minor sense, representing the Senior Naval Wrangler of the year.

The sudden expansion of railway projects so increased his work that his health began to fail in 1855-he was then entering his eighty-first year. F.arly in that year he was obliged to give up and go home to a sick bed, where he lingered until the i7lh December, 1857. Jt has been related of Inm, that when Iving thus, in his eightv-tliird year patientlv waiting lor the end, his face beamed with joyous hope when th.> memorial to II.M. Government praying lor a last search after Franklin, was brought for his signature.

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He was short in stature, but his countenance, in ^vhich astute irtelligence, honesty, and genial kindness revp'iled the man so truly, could nowhere Dass without notice. The Navy and society in general, past and present, should be thankful together that such a man was spared to them so long.

It has been said that upon entering upon thj duties of office ns Hydrographer in 1829, Sir Francis Beaufort at once recognised the gravity and responsibility of the position.

He had his immediate staff to organise, for at this time they consisted of what might truly be termed journeymen, paid their wages like other labourers on a Saturday night • indeed, it was not until the year 1 83 i, that the Hydrographic Office was formed into a separate dcpartmient under the Admiralty ; framing its own estimates, and providing. i;nder the sanction of toe Board, a programme of duties to be undertaken each succeeding year. With these difficulties before him, but persuaded th^t he would be afforded every help in overcoming them, Captain Beaufort accepted the post of Hyd igrapher : and fortunatelv, not alone for our service, the long lease of a quarter of a century of official life was accorded to him; during all these years he steadily and systematica;{y pursued the attainment of ;he objects he had laid down, and lived to see them in great r^.ut accomplished. Although the survey of the coasts of the United Kingdom had been determined on, and partially commenced before he succeeded to office, they were, under his direction and auspices, far advanced towards completion. Surveys of the Mediterranean the African coast, the Pacific ocean. South America, Australia, New Zealand and Ch.. u were set on foot ; and the various Arctic E.xpeditions which sailed from I^ngland for exploration, and in the search for Franklin's ships, between the years 1843 and 1854, received their instructions prepared by his hand. IVIany of the accomplished surveying officers— trained in the Beaufo.t school— have passed away. King, Wickham, Belcher, Smyth, Fitzroy, Foster, Owen Stanley, Skyring Vical, Beechy, Otter, Frazer, Williams, being among them. Many still remain whose names will be lonV remembered in connection with tneir works, and unworthy and feeble as may be the power, of the pen of he who now endeavours, to rescue such names, and such works from oblivion] still feeling assured that the longer such a chronicle is withheld, the more difficult Hrcomes the task of the chronicler, added to the fact that in the advanced state, and rapid develop- ment of other sciences in modern days. Hydrography is lagging more and more behind, encocrage the temerity of the compiler of this small tribute to a branch of naval science, which, if much longer neglected must surely fail to be appreciated.

It was one of the maxims of Sir Francis Beaufort when Hydrographer, that no chart or other document was ever permitted to be made public until it had undergone his personal revision and critical examination. The consequence was that be left a vast mass of material behind him, the publication of which had not kept pace with its collection. It must be remembered however, that in the early days of his official life, and for some time after them, his personal supervision was positively necessary, and it is very difficult to depart from habits of this nature when once acquired.

In 18.SS, Sir Francis Beaufort retired from the Hydrographership, being at that time upwards of eighty years of age, with a share of worldly honors which, though conferred somewhat late in life, he never despised.

Captain John Washington, who had been since the commencement of the Russian war assisting him at the Admiralty, was selected to take his place, and succecdecl to the office, at a time of unusual activity, when the energies of every individual in every department of the Adni'ralty wjre taxed to the uttermost, more especially, perhaps, the Hydrographic Depart- ment, which was called upon to furnish information of every conceivable kind from its rich store of undigested documents.

In October, 1828, the Blossom returned from her voyage round the world, under Captain Beeche}.

In 1829, Lieutenant II. B. Beecher. nho had served with Captain Basil Hall in the Comvav, and Lieutenant Sheringliam were appointed to assist the Hydrographer at tlic Admiralty, the latter left in the succeeding year.

fv

o MEMOIRS OF

the"wo^ir'"^''' "' '^'' ''''' "^^ ^''" ''''"' '" '^ ^"-'^^ °" ^i« celebrated voynge around

^r!^:'^:^^S:!l^^::S\^::^r^;'Z'::^^^^ lieutenants Dawson and Worth exist in the North Atlantic '< veraT^^iierwtwa^d'onhrtsrcSlSnT^^^^^

.Jp^t£ns::r??;-;[,,^^—

j;s^rwi^;te^^^r.i^nH^^

bo^:^T;rih:.St.:!;-c:r Si:':\::';;:;!'s:;;^,;'r^ '"^ '^^' ^^^' °^ '" ^---"" u:: nr:f r -^.S:..!-^' ^--"-' (-'-- ---- ™ t^

Ar;;^a^^;;:^:;'s.f^;:.""^^- ^-'^""^--^ ^^-^ -^ '-i-tccd .o the west co.. of

bc!"ecn'Ai;,i;.,^' ^, T^llioi"""^"' "" '""' °' ^'«'''^^' "^"^-'"S '- -"'''-n distance,

crl;'Yhj^ Tr V'diSiS-'K'fi:';; ^'i"^'^i>:- "'^ !^i«'" '''■--•"'■ j-'- ^vnson

oHiHT, (-ap.ain he Ilo, ' '£ ' V t^^^ [T ';";' '"' ^^'•'^ """H.c.dnl l.y a naval

Ar^ia;na^cll^d.stiu.As ;i;u,,,s ,lH L r^ ^^l'^^ !<,' ..S., caus...l l-v blending the

Sc^retarv. a naval ollic.-r. Ca,';;;;" \£,,;;;:;',,1;; S"' '""" ' '"""" ^''"''^^"'' ^"^ "^ ''^^'

""■ "'■itish Associalion also spniiiff into life tills v<-nr 'I'l, > r i,- .. ■

had hc..n alr.-:,dy i., .x.stonc,- for trn years '"' ^"'"<?"I''"^^'''' -^"C'"'')'

miss.on.-d ,or s„rv.y,n, iut:;' nr;!:;:;;;.;::, :^:;;:ti:;:;::^^ '■'^■""•"^"" ^=^"-^- -- — i" Ap..i, /h,.. i..:.;i:imj.;;,' a ^,^: rip :;;:;;;:/: i^r^'^^ rv\ '■"«'•""■•

coast of Ireland. ^ .il>l>"i"t^il l<) assist tunimander Mndg,- „„ ti,e

tJ;'';:;,!!;;:!' UVMi.;n';3td',r'""^ -- ,„nned. havin, in vi.w th. Hueula,io„ of M..nn.. SurV. !ors of the In lul; X " ',• "'"'"""'"'^' """X^'-. a:ul n.a.nly s„ppo„..d fv the

OU\ iTovuluu.- Island ; H.arls, hooks, Iv" . 'vc^r ^av' .L '"' ■■^""'l'"« ""rtlnvard of

>

The liist puMislu J srt of A.hnirally lidr Tahles were

issurd. ill I H • '

HYDROGRAPHY.

I irst Lieutenant, and EJ.vard Dunslcrville the Ma,tei r„T.' , ? u"'"" 'Sain Iho

.l,e iv™ oir, was appointed to s..r.e/S (ice-, SanmT I? ,l' "'Ifl"--' ;'»""S paid

Jo"3ip;n'f^'r,'.o<-„;e<=j£i^-pr?=,^L<x o?S'=v.s :ri?r '° '^=

Lieutcnant-General Schubert Dirrrtnr nf thr. ru^ » 1^ . „ proceeded three times round iUc bZ^Z^, ^l 2^^ ^1%^^ 1 ^''- ^^'"^^ur,. 1 oucliard. too, in /a BoniU, observed mcridiin ('ist^n^o=T^ , ^ ,"''56 chronometers. M.

Malacca. Singapotc, Manila. Macao. Sltdt'irdTSZ^iX'tl-^pt

prelt'J;:?. ^'™ti?ntiriSSSt Sif '■°"°° ™'-'>"' "" "'-'' -' S""'™ -he

in ",1:';S "r"'"' '^'°''"' '° ■""'"°" "■""' '""'" '""" "«= ^""-"y for tl,o nrs. ,i„,

.h,'"„',v;,^'f"i,;:ttrcS „";':^Lr,-a°■;;'id. ssi;-;."'/""'-'--' '■»' » -«'".■»""» or

Kellett : Iteccltey invalided at VaN • , <o i , , . ,"?' " "'"'''''• ""'''■■' lieuten.int ... taken .on, ,'„e I.anca.w'e cS";;?e;'la;i\api:iZ.rL\",,''cr„;L'aSr'"''" ''^""" __^I,. Xove,„l,c,. tl,e .cl.oonc, /.,„i. left Kngland as te „ ,|,o ,,,„„,,,;„ ,„o West

ore Light, Captain cen the Nore and

^ sssrstf -;^^rt»-risii - ,:• k

Miirgat 'I'hf Scottish shore had been

Ti:r,;^-°'.'iitr,,i;^i;7i:ei™,nn;i„iT,S'';'^''-'"

l^re.entrJ ,l,e >.,„„■ sin„„la, , i ,, ' , ". r ''','■ ' '"'"""■ *^'"-" «i--i>li'd they

.»ie f,„ instance, " The halj,," |-„„„, ° , ', , " ' ' ' "' "' '.'"'I' '«'» »"' k"o.n I.efore' .idse-lil<e f„,in-the chatact -r ..f Tl t e N, , " I , I's";, "," """ "',l'l"-"l' "'"I'' '<>

'f iu is*,:'" ""'■ ■ - ""■■ - '•'-■' ™.l '"tr^riil^t Jinl'™.^;;'-;;;;;;

::f'Thrs,!'it:L.;"^:tT,!;=I,,';-: ■;;:;-;-,;;■. '-.J y-s„i.a,

" ""• survey o( Ihe Irish Chan.,, I ,,„. 1 ,. e r ' V '''" ''''I""""''

till- ).Mr to have ptodu. , ,1 .my great

I

I" Ihi

ft ■^llll.

■Jhc coast from I'nMiii r(nm,l bv north lo Sll„o )(... i . i i ■ , and ,,,, ..istant .„„,„.;;i •:;'r .IS'ij.ti'r;;" j;-

I!

I- I ii'iili-naiit Wolf,, iiid Derg, traversed \>y

'X i=e^:i;;;r^;',h:,:ri;:!;— i:;,:;7^™;isr;^^-™ > ' "—

^ 'l';^'-' Alii,al-,,,,|.n„V,.|,,l, K \. „|,„ si,.,„I,K. ,1 ,..,,, -r , . _

... ..nil, K. I tiiiii.ii ic tins uillioiiill If \MitL iiwl,. I .1 II . . h a j'l iinii oi jjj.

.HJ7. i.av.ng alread, couM.laJj'a Ij;;:'' j;u.t';!an:;r;;;,;u;d:' "'^ ^^'^''^ "' ^^"'" ^-"«J

I

8 MEMOIRS OF

1.-. America, following the course of Captain Back in H.M.S. 2"error, 120 miles of the north-east shores of Southampton Island, from Cape Comfort to Seahorse Point, were laid down for the first time on our charts by Lieutenant Owen Stanley.

In Canada, the charts resulting from the survey of the River St. Lawrence, from Quebec to Its mouth by Captain Bayfield, R.N., were published ; and the surveyors engaged completing the gulf of St. Lawrence, as well as the upper rver from Quebec to Montreal.

At Port Phillip, in Australia, a town named Melbourne had been founded at the !.orth- eastern angle of the bay, and from the latest accounts then received was rapidly increasing in poi)ulation, and in flocks and herds, as the country was found admirably adapted for pasturage.

The nautical part of the expedition, under command of Lieutenant Wickhani, R.N., to explore the N.W. coast of Australia, visited Swan River, and then proceeded to examine Dampier's Archipelago.

Lieutenants Grey and Lushington sailed from the Cape of Good Hope on the sth of October, i8j7, their intention being to convey the most useful animals, plants and se2d3 from Brazil, the Cape and Timor, to the interior of Australia, by way of the north-west coast.

In the beginning of 18.58, two vessels, commanded by Sir Gordon Brewer and Lieutenant Owen Stanley, Iclt J'.ngland to establish a settlement at Port F-.ington on the nortli coast 0. Australia. The Bombay Geograiihical Society contributed to the Ji. G. S. Journal an account of the bore in the Gulf of Cambay, by Lieutenant Ltheraey.

Lieuter .nt Carless continued upon the survey of the mouths of the Indus, commenced in 1836.

Surveys of ilie coast of Katiawar and Gulf of Cambay were completed by Lieutenants Whitelock and Klhersey.

Captain Moresby having completed the Maldivc Islands, wa-s similarly engaged in the Chagos Arclupelagd, after wliicli he proceeded to ir.:'ke an examination of Sava de Malha bank, as well as the great and little Basses on the coast of Ceylon.

In i8j8 the fi)llowiiig were the surveys in progress: —

jI.MS /.•,.,,■/• Kivcr Tliamos.

I itol lUuts . . • (■o.i>t ..r W.ilis.

H.M..-I. '-.iiry .vm\ Kiultr N.mli Sim.

"'f'"'' I'""" S,,|w.,v I'lrlh.

H.W.S. M,ul,lfM^d^\^:^^^^:t ( (ikncv M.iikIs.

!I"'"|!;"'" N K. (-uasi ,,( ScolLuKl.

"" ""•'''' Cn.isl (pf l.cl.m,l.

"ii"l ""•il'* l.,Mii;li Dry.

I I M.S. .•//,/,,;;< IinIi ( li.,i.iul.

II. M.S. /,V.i.,-/i I

II MS. ,l/(,/s.,- ( .McililiiMiicin.

r .M.S. /,,'„;, (

ll.M.S. A',i;,/( ) Wisl Cn.ul cf Aflil.\.

II. .M.S. Ihund.r I

I I.M.S. /,,(»/■ I West I.I.Iks.

ll'vi '«""!" 7' ;'■' •, liu!f..iulKmrSl.I.a«tcn<<'.

11.. MS. Su/fhur I

II M.S. .SAi//;.;;' ] West Coast of Smilli Aiiurua.

II.M.S. /.■.•„i-// N.W. (;,.,,.(,. I An, I, .,l..u.M,lll,,vv'Str.ut.

■riu-l,.rK>-st sizes of charts rngiaved. viz.. anii.niarian ..r double ele-lunt. were then fM iici.illv M.I, I lor js., the next size :.s.. aiul so on ,l,,un to (,d.

i'or .s.ili- of l.arls th.' Admiralty .mi.loycd a Kcnera' agent. Bale, of n. Poulirv. sub- .t^t-iiLi utiiig .ijijn.iiiiicJ i>y liiai iioui.t'.

HYDROGRAPHY. g

In 1R39, the surveys were the same as in 1838, except that of the west coast of Africa.

vhich was aiscont.nued ,n consequence of the sickness which prevailed in the vessels and

coast of Cornwall ^'"""'^ employed on the survey of the coast of Wales, proceeded to the

ni!r^iblt°;i?tsof'Z'R'''^''Q'.°"''""'''= the Lough Derg party being transferred to the tl" ^St^co'^st of Scmlfnd" '''""°"^ •'"' ^'^' '' ^'^ ''°'^-'y ^""> ^^- -'-'l^^ ^'-^

In 1 84 1, the same arrangement, except that circumstances requiring the immediate survey of Portsmouth and Spuhead, the Cornwall parly wore removed to that duTy in tl e SY/5 cutter; and that abroad, H..M.S. Su/pA.r and S/ar/^ng quitted South Amer ca and we e employed .n surveymg the waters of China, and in co-operating with our squadron there!

In 184: — To the above surveys, the important investigation of the Barrier reefs of

fenffo'e.'! ^ "^ ,^'7'' '''' }'''^ )c>ar added .„ the /7,. and /y W/. ,• the 7^/, W was sent to examine the harbours of the Falklan.l Islands, and a survey of the Azores was comm..n,-,.d ,n the Vr.v stenn.er; the S u //. /u.r ,un\ SLul.n,, quitted the survey of the coas of C hina, but leaving the /'/,.•,,- an.i Rou,l,st to contmue that work. At home (he SluanraUr s earn vessel, was a,.pointed to the North Sea survey in place of the / .vVj^unhappily iosta^

^ rS:mo!it;,^;[:rSthl^a:h"'^' ^"' "^ ''"'" ''-'"' ''''-' ^'' ^"'^^''^^-' ^'' ^^ ^ '

uol? rn^^; '''/' f ""ff' 7' replaced In the F..,nVs, stcr.mer; the .W.<7/7r<7/.r was sent to the S/',nZr °Vh' ''"'' '"7T ""^' "'^ ^^"'"- ^''^^'^" '° "'^ -"^'o^''' ^^■•■>. instead of he hi/ , T" M'' '"r'T ^"^ '^•^' ^'^^'^ °'" I-='"<-'''^l>iro and Cumberland was commenced in

s. rie/indt,t;;^V'''V""?r'''" ','" '''^- "' '■'""''>• ''"' -'".menced by the T /^^.S stuii.u^ and tnc /{,.,i;/,- returned from her survey of liass Strait and the coast of Australia.

In .844. at home, the south and western coasts of Ireland were so little known that ,nn aid tional survey was e„mm,.n,ed in C.alway Hay. „y m... ,s of hire.i boats, an.i tlu , r,y m

h K, ,.r Shannon ha., ng lu.islu d that work, .vrc dir.nted ,„ make a eomplet. s rv y o Cork Ilarbour .n th. /,;,/„„., steam vessel, wh,, h was rej.l.u .d in the Thames by\l"c w snCT' nr ."" f "f ,r''%"'-" ^ "^^^ "^ f- sounding the Jnsh Channel, of winch he e

u •■.;.' v'"'' "r /-,""/"■ ^"■''">'-'- ^vas appropnate.l to die east coast of Ireland sur.. ). ami t r .y„nj:« ketch was given in lieu of hired boats for the survey of the north

sii/vevS^llu' wI:sr''''-';/'T'v^ ""'' ^y"r"' ''"^P^'''"-'' •" '»>'- l-^'-'il'- to continue the 11' •'"/ ^' V "" "' '^""'^"•■'' 'f'"" >''<• P"">t "h. re that of the .S;///7;,.r and S/.,r/„nr

rne the An/,,-,- «as subshtul.-.; lorthr /■;„,/,,, ,n tlu- Portsmouth surv,v. and the 7„r,arus was^tak.n I,,,,,, ,he south coast of Ireland survey, which was continued by mean^ of hir.d

'" 1'""' "f .S4^, thr D.inish rorvcll,- a,,/.,//,,:,, under Commodore Slrrn liille b-ft Smri'irri',''/ "W "' '■^l'''"'"'"" •""■"' ""• wo.ld, vis,!,,,^; I nd,.,, China, and t'lo

f \ ,■;./' I • \'V . ' '"' '"■""."•'I';" "'"'-• ••M-Hl'tion was the survevan.i . ul'.nuation

«|f th,^ Nnobar MaiuN, b„t a eonsul.rable eolhelion of .seientilie observ.itions resulted

of 'in /'/'.'•"';■ '^"^^V^f ""^ •^''- "C Man succeeded that of the coast of Lancashire bv n.rans

0 /'y.-Mrnrd from ,h. v„rv,.y of ,h, -irrier reefs of Austr.ilia. l.-aunM ih.- survey

M.rvM ,1 ,|„. i.alkl.mds. „,„„.,1 , ,.|,„,dron in Ih.- Kiv.-r I'l.if. Ih.- .T-,./r.-in,n,-.l fr m

A M, . h ivuiK compl-,, ,1 ,|„. .,.s„n, a t r , and also the r.W.> l.um Ch. . 1. IZ

till A.j.;,/j/ lu carry on the rgiiiamaiH uperatiuuH. *

t

'I

lO

MEMOIRS OF

to r lLv> n! 7 '8+6 Steam vessels were urgcn'ly required for the conveyance of meal,

to rJieve the famine on the roast ol Ireland. In those davs Admiralty surveys on the home stations were inostlv carried on in small steam vessels. Aecustorred as they iere t insho S worK, both ,n boats and ships, officers and men performed the relief service^mos^t Jffec uX The vessels were the Pla.er, Basher, Firejly, Lucifer, Porcupine and Sheanvatcr '""''"'"^•

At the conclusion of this important duty, these vessels, in ,847. were ordered not to

arr^n thHrT'^'' ^-^"l"'^' m" '° "^7"/^ J'°^' ''^"'' '"^y "«• thetfficers beTng directed to T'L \ n . '^^ '"■ '""-''• ^"'''' "■'"> '''^^■^' ''"''''■ ■'■'>"« were the pick of Sir Francis Leau ort s flock captured en nmsse by the fowler's net of the political economist, much to the chagrin and disappointment of Sir -.Vancis himself. Much' time was thus lust, for tl^re

e"nl,"rng°v"S.°" ^'"''" "" "'"''"'^^'^^ '' ' ''"''^ ^•"^^■' '"^^ ^^""'^'"o. ove^ boats, or

In 1 8 '7. abroad, the R„ll!esmike was sent to prosecute the survey of Torres Strain in con-

muation of the work commenced in the /Vr, and at the close of the year the tVA ^ "; was

ordered home from the Bay of Fundy and paid oil". II. .M.S. .l,/;,n-;, was commissioned ^o

survey the coasts and harbours of New Zealand. At home, in the spring of the, ear tic

had adN.inccd to Cape W ra h. and in the autumn, the Bhner, Dasher, Firejh, Lucif.r

on'S'^hor^s ;?^Wer;; Snd!"^ ^'' "' °"'^'^^^' ^^"'^ ^'"'""^'^^ '" ^'^'"^ "^ '^--

vllTAVT '^^''\'^f''"^'^' rarliament in .848, on the motion of Mr. Hume (.Sessional lapir, .848 .\o. 2,52) It was found that the e.xp.'nditure of the Ilydrographical Department (exclusive of Arctic and Antarctic expeditions) had ' x.^Lparmu.nt

In 'S,r-,iH .... /'.H.,si;

In I.H^M-^,, .... _^;;;,„..„2

III !')Mo .... /'.sx.xi.z '" \'>^V>:\\ .... /'-,j,si7 I" i^ti-I-' .... i'JI,«32

rmM^ ^^r-' V''''"'' '",'' ''?'" '""■^^"I"'^'' <"'>•• ■■'^^l"''' i" >'<47. wre resumed in ,848. C, pan Slier.ngham completed •' e s.,uth side of the Me of U i;,dit. Captain iiulhu k

, n'Tl ,1 V'"V'?'"V'"7' """"'■ '^''^''-''-'st^ardof Dungeness Comma-Jer l. . ne.te; the .shores of Scotland with the 11, hrules; Capta.n Heeehev was employed in the Hris oKhannel; Captain I'ra/er prosecuted the surv.'y of Walerf.ud ;' C-apta,n Wolfe contniued the op nations between the old Head of Kmsale and .Muen Head; Commander I d,,rd pro. ceding towards ( lew 1 ay , Commander ILv. hey. the younger, proceeded along he c, MS, betw..e„ C lew 1 av and . einl Head; and Commander Williams h.i ing fmislu ' the Isle of .Man removed to .Mounts liay, of Cornwall.

Capta.u ';f''\''^ in ;iie .Me,Ii,..rranean. directed his atlen.io.i towar.ls Cyprus. Moulmein Ruer .uid the .,„1( ot M.irtahan had been surveyed by I,„ ut. IVll. IN.. H, s officer had also conipleed ,,,. Mirv-.y o( th. Conniandel coast, as ,,,r north .,s the S,,ntapilly ro. ks i„ M.ut'abm ' '' "''' '■"*''•'«'''' -^"f^ '•)">« ll'c oast of \\..<,x, iHlueci. C,,p;: N'rgrais and

f.ieutMonlri.Mi, IN'., eontinued Ins Mirns of most of the harbours and an. borages on the i.-,ist ol the s.)iith. 11 Koiikaii and .ALilabir, ^

Th,- surv.-y ..f th,- south-.as, ,„,,st of Arabia, under Captains Haines an.l S.m.Iers. I.N., in i>'4'', was ,ilso (ar advanc.d '

The sud.b.n death of I i, ,;t. (lar.lon, K N., „r H M.'S A'.,,/, /. cans,-,l ,i„. Mirvey of t|,.^ S.U. eo.,s ..I lt„r„.-o and the \_„nna Man.ls ,„ I,,- Misp,.,„|,. 1, ,-,,p,,M„ .>.,., Stan!,-y.

Iblainl, II cN.immed Albany Island near ( ,i|m- \,,rk '

l)eep : —

I" i-^l^-)! .... /"i42,2vs

111 if^4.i-44 ..../■ J-).i2'i

III 1^4.)-.)^ .... ^;.2(..s8!

Ill 1-45-4'' .... /■|78,;Xi

111 iN4(j-4; ....