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VOL. LXV. PART II. (NATURAL HIsTory, &c.). (Nos. I & II.—1898.) EDITED BY THE NaturaL jiistTo RY pECRETARY, VS “Tt will flourish, if naturalists, chemists, antiquaries, philologers, and men of science in different parts of Asza, will commit their observations to writing, and send them to the Asiatic Society at Calcutta. It will languish, if such communications shall be long intermitted ; and it will die away, if they shall entirely cease.”” SIR WM. JONES. CALCUTTA: PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRUSS, AND PUBLISHED BY THE ASIATIC SOCIETY, 57, PARK SIREET. 1898. ane sh i) Am) a a 4 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. Aucock, ALFRED ;— Materials for a Carcinological Fauna of India, No. 8. The Brachyura OS eae Part t.* The ane POOPED 60 s000.000008 Buapouri, C. B., and Based .) re — : Comeatienen ee iis Chemical Laboratory, Presidency Saileae: Calcutta. On Double Thiosulphates of Copper and Sodium.. Finn, F.;—Note on the Long-Snouted Whe: ‘caps: (Dryophis mycterizans)... ;— Note on the Seaannat ahaa of Spinasdeyd an ee ais of the Purple Honeysucker (Arachnechthra asiatica) and of an analogous American bird (Coereba cyanea)... ....seceecee severe Kine, Grorce ;— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula.. ——-—————- ; and Pratin, D. ;— Descriptions of some new aah from the North-Hastern Frontiers of India .. Nic&vitte, LioneL DE ;— On a small collection of Batherflies meas Buru in the Moluccas ......... ee ——-————-; and Gn, erate “ae ea List of the Butterflies of the Ké Isles. (Plate is ) Riptey, H. N.;—New species of Hntada from Singapore bong ate fls' Fe nw nolan pe Sinha dhmnaydaey aneeve.sne sees swbard civjere ave Page. 67 234 251 305 he + iy! : . >! i CRAG E SE CES OR 8 a aoe a Bg + ae a — $ y he Ge sa ‘ 5 Rint 2 ade Dates of Issue. Part II, 1898. No. I,—Containing pp. 1-250, was issued on 5th August, 1898. aa {I].—Containing pp. 251—321, was issued on 15th September, 1898. to a ‘ , Bi boa re hs cab iat tre h California Academy of Sciences Presented byASiatic Society of — Bengal. a ee oe a AOURNAL OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL. == § E> Vol, LXVII. Part II.—NATURAL SCIENCE. No. I.—1898. Materials for a Flora of the Mulayan Peninsula—By Groner Kina, K.C.1.E., M.B., LL.D., F.R.S., Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta. No. 10. I had hoped in the present contribution to have completed, for these Materials, my account of the whole of the remaining Natural Orders of Calyciflore. This hope has, however, been frustrated by sick- ness. I have decided therefore to offer now to the Society the account of the five Orders which I have been able to elaborate ; trusting, at some time in the near future, to deal with the remaining Orders of the Class. Following the sequence adopted by Sir Joseph Hooker in his Flora of British India, those treated of in the present paper come to be numbered as below; Nos. 48 Lythracexw, 49 Onagraceex, 50 Samydacee, 52 Oucurbitacex, and 56 Araliacex. And those which re- main to be described would be Nos. 46 Myrtacex, 47 Melastomacex, 51 Passifloracee, 53 Begoniacew, 54 Ficoidex, 55 Umbelliferee, and 57 Oornacex. After finishing the Calycifloree, I hope, in collaboration with my friend and successor, Dr. D. Prain, to describe the families which are embraced in the gamopetalous and apetalous groups. Order XLVIII. LYTHRACEHAL. Trees, shrubs or herbs ; branches often quadrangular. Leaves entire, opposite, sometimes alternate or whorled; stipules 0. Injlorescence various, often in cymes or panicles, lowers hermaphrodite, regular, ft | 2 G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. [No. 1, rarely oblique, unisexual in Cyrpteronia. Calyx-tube free, persistent ; lobes 3-6, valvate, some accessory often added. Petals as many as the calyx-teeth, rarely 0, inserted near the mouth of the calyx-tube. Stamens definite or numerous, inserted on the calyx-tube. Ovary free in the bottom of the calyx-tube (rarely inferior), 2-6-celled, style long ; stigma capitate, rarely 2-lobed; ovules numerous, placentas axile (rarely parietal). Fruit coriaceous or membranous, free or more or less adnate to the base of the calyx, 2~6-celled or (by absorption of the partitions) l-celled, dehiscent or indehiscent. Seeds numerous, various in shape, angular, sometimes winged; albumen none; embryo straight, (cotyledons convolute in Sonneratia and Punica.) DistRIB. Species about 275 in tropical regions and especially in those of the New World; a few in temperate zones. Tribe I. AMMANNIZ. Herbs, mostly sub-aquatic, with small or minute flowers ; the calyx membranous aye . 1, AMMANNIA. Tribe II, Lyturea. ‘Trees or shrubs with moder ie or large- sized flowers (minute in Crypteronia), large often wrinkled petals, and coriaceous or herbaceous calyx. Stamens not more than 12. Calyx 6-toothed ; petals 6; stamens 12; capsule circum- scissile, 1-celled ; seeds cuneate-obovate, angled .. 2 .PEMPHIS; Calyx 4- or 5-toothed ; petals 0; flowers numerous, minute, racemose, sub-unisexual; stamens 4 or 5; capsule 2-celled and 2-valved; seeds minute, narrowly winged on one side Si as sie ae ... & CRYPTERONIA. Stamens indefinite. Seeds free, not imbedded in pulp. Stamens in 2 or more rows; capsule 3-6-celled; seeds large, winged laterally ate Je .. 4 LAGERSTREMIA. Stamens in a single row; capsule 4-8-celled; seeds minute, narrowly winged at the upper margin an DUABANGA. Seeds imbedded in pulp, angular; berry 10-15-celled .. 6. SoONNERATIA. < 1. AmmanniA, Linn. Annual glabrous herbs growing in damp places; branches often quadrangular. . Leaves opposite and alternate, sometimes whorled, entire ; stipules 0. Flowers small, axillary, solitary and subsessile, or in small trichotomous cymes ; bracteoles usually 2. Calyx campanulate or tubu- lar-campanulate, 3-0-toothed, often with minute interposed teeth or folds. Petals 3-5 or 0, small, inserted between the calyx-teeth. Stamens 2-8, inserted on the calyx-tube. Ovary enclosed in the calyx-tube, 1-5- celled, the septa very thin and often absorbed; style filiform or short, stigma capitate; ovules numerous, placentas axile. Capsule membran- ous, globose or elongated-ellipsoid, enclosed in the calyx, 2-3-valved, 1898.] G. King-—Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 3 irregularly breaking up, or circumscissile. Seeds many, small, smooth, round on the back and with a raphe on the inner face, ellipsoid or nearly hemispheric; placenta ultimately free central by the absorption of the dissepiments covered by the seeds. Distris. Species 30; in the tropi- cal or warm temperate zones of the whole world. Flowers sessile, calyx-tube elongate-campanulate, capsule ellipsoid, seeds narrowly oblong, falcate oes .. 1. A. peploides. Flowers pedicelled, calyx-tube depressed-hemispheric, cap- sule depressed-globose, seeds sub-hemispheric... vasi-| De, A. baccifera. 1. AMMANIA PEPLOIDES, Spreng. Syst. I, 444. Flowers in short axillary branches, sessile, solitary in the axils of reduced leaves ; bracts in pairs, filiform, shorter than the tube of the calyx. Calyx-tube elon- gate-campanulate, almost smooth, its mouth with 4 acutely triangular teeth. Petals absent, or 4 and minute. Capsule 2-valved, ellipsoid ; seeds narrowly oblong, sub-falcate, pink, angular, the hilum obscure. Leaves opposite, their midribs prominent; those of the flower-bearing branches linear-oblong, bearing a flower in the axil of each; those of the main stem elliptic or obovate, narrowed to the base and almost petiolate. Stems decumbent, often rooting, sometimes erect. Boiss. Flor. Orient. II, 742; Kurz in Journ. As. Soc, 1877, pt. II, 84; Clarke in Hook. fil. Flor. Br. Ind. I, 566. A. nana, Roxb. Flor. Ind. I, 427, (not of Wallich). A. repens, Rottl., DC. Prodr. III, 80. Ameletia indica, DC. in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Genev. III, 11 (1825) 2, and 82,t. 3f. A.; Prodr. III, 76; Wall. Cat. 2093; W.& A. Prodr. 303; Blume Mus. Bot. II, 135, t. 47; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Flor. 96; Wight Ic. t. 257. A. elongata, Blume Mus. Bot. II, 185, A. acutidens, Miq. Flor. Ind. Bat. J, Pt. 1,617. 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Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 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Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. Ge Section I. Hyperolissa. Xanthids in which the efferent branchial channels are not defined by a complete ridge on either side of the palate. Subfamily I. XANTHINA. Carapace usually much broader than long, usually transversely oval, sometimes transversely hexagonal. The front is contained from 35 to 53 times in the greatest breadth of the carapace. Alliance TI. CarprtnioipA. Carapace broad, transversely oval, the antero-lateral border either entire, or divided into a few broad, shallow, rounded lobes. Legs sub-cylindrical. Abdomen of the male with the 3rd and 4th, or usually the 3rd, 4th and 5th segments fused together. Alliance IT. Zozymorpa. Carapace broad, transversely oval, the antero-lateral border in the form of a sharp crest which may be either thin and entire (fissured only) or cut into 4 large teeth, Legs with at least the upper border of the merus carpus and propodus sharply eristiform. Abdomen of the male with the 8rd, 4th and Sth somites fused. Alliance III. EHvuxantnota. Carapace broad, tranversely oval, very profusely areolated in high relief; the antero-lateral borders are continued below the orbits to the outer angle of the buccal cavern. The basal antennal joint has its outer angle prolonged and impacted in the orbital hiatus, and the antennary flagellum, which is hardly visible without a lens, arises within the orbit. The abdomen of the male has the 3rd, 4th and 5th somites fused. Alliance IV. Xanruorpa. Front almost always prominent, square- cut (notched or fissured in the middle line) and sublaminar, and almost always separated from either supra-orbital margin by a deepish notch. Carapace broad (except Medzxus and Httsodes), usually transversely oval, but sometimes more hexagonal; the antero-lateral border usually cut _ into sharp teeth. Male abdomen with segments 3-6 fused. Alliance V. MHatimepompa. Front prominent and square-cut. Carapace pentagonal, moderately broad. Abdomen of the male with all 7 segments distinct, the last segment being more than twice as long as any of the others. Alliance VI. Gatenormpa. Carapace broad, pentagonal approach- ing the quadrilateral, the antero-lateral border hardly longer than the postero-lateral. The basal antennal joint does not nearly reach the front. The abdomen of the male has all 7 segments distinct. The sole type, Galene, is so singular that it might be separated as a distinct subfamily. 78 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 1, Subfamily IJ]. ACTAEIN A. Carapace usually much broader than long and usually very pro- fusely and profoundly lobulated; the antero-lateral border is either divided into 4 blunt lobes, or crenated. The front is about a third the greatest breadth of the carapace, sometimes a little more, sometimes a little less, and is divided into two rather prominent usually round- pointed lobes. Subfamily II. CHLORODINA. Carapace hexagonal or transversely oval, or subcircular (Cymo) or approaching the subcireular (Cyclodius). Front from a third to half the greatest breadth of the carapace—much broader than in the preced- ing subfamilies. Alliance I. XantHopnoipa. Carapace transversely oval, front a third or little less than a third the greatest breadth of the carapace, fingers not hollowed at tip. Alliance II. Cutoropioipa. Carapace transversely oval, front nearer half than a third the greatest breadth of the carapace, fingers hollowed at tip. Alliance III. Cymorpa. Carapace subcircular, flat; front about half the greatest breadth of the carapace: chelipeds remarkably un- equal. Subfamily I, XANTHIN A. Alliance I. Carpilioida. Carpilius. Liomera. Liagore. Carpilodes. Lioxanutho. Lachnopodus. Carpitius, Leach, Desmarest, A. M. Edw. Carpilius, Leach, Desmarest Consid. Gen. Crust. p. 104 (footnote). Carpilius, Riippell, 24 Krabben roth. Meer. p. 13 (part). Carpilius, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I, 380. Carpilius, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 16. Carpilius, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. I. p. 159. Carpilius, A. Mitne Epwarps. Ann, Scr. Nar. Zoot. (iv.) XVIII. 1862, p. 46, and Novy. ArcuHiv. Dv Mos. I. 1865, p. 212, and Miss. Sci. Mex., Crust. p. 238. Carpilius, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 110. Carapace broad, very convex in both directions, smooth (except for some coarse pitting inside the frontal and antero-lateral border), with no indication of regions; its antero-lateral borders strongly-arched, thick, entire, smoothly-moulded ; its postero-lateral borders strongly-conver- 1898. | A, Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 79 gent, straight, with a prominent tubercle at the angle of junction with the antero-lateral. Front moderately broad, (less than a third the greatest width of carapace ) deflexed, 3-lobed, the middle lobe prominent and _ bilobulate, the edges of all thickened. Orbital margins entire, the upper margin thickened and forming a well-marked blunt tooth at its junction with the antero-lateral margin. Eyes on short thick stalks. Antennules folding obliquely, almost transversely : inter-antennu- lary septum broad. Basal joint of antenne long, flat, running up into an oblique cleft between the margin of the front and the infra-orbital plate; the antennary flagellum very small, less than half the diameter of the orbit and lodged in the said cleft. Merus of the external maxillipeds with its anterior border very oblique. 3 Chelipeds massive, smooth, unequal in both sexes; the fingers bluntly pointed, those of the larger cheliped with a single pair of ‘molariform teeth, those of the smaller cheliped with a blunt cutting- edge. Legs smooth, sub-cylindrical. Abdomen of male six-jointed—the 5rd and 4th somites fused with obliteration of sutures, the 5th somite also immovably adherent to the Ath. Large crabs. Key to the Indian species of Carpilius. 1. Carapace with definitely disposed large red blots we OC. maculatus. 2. Carapace irregularly marbled with red oa «. OC. conveaus. 1. Carpilius maculatus, ( Linn.) Cancer ruber, Rumph, Amboinsche Rariteitkamer, p. 18, pl. x. fig. 1. Cancer saxatile, Seba, Thesaurus, III. 47, pl. xix. fig. 12. Cancer maculatus, Linn. Syst. Nat. (xii.) p. 1042: Fabricius, Ent. Syst. II. 447, and Suppl. p. 338: Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 185, pl. vi. fig. 41, and I. ii. 263, pl. xxi. fig. 118, and III. iv. 8, pl. 1x. fig. 2: Desmarest, Consid. Gen. Crust. p. 14, Carpilius maculatus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 382, and in Cuvier Régne Animal, Crust. pl. xi. fig. 2: De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. p., 7 (name only): Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp., Crust. pt. I. p. 160: Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 32: Alph. Milne Edwards, in Maillard’s Pile Réunion, Annexe F, p. 3, and Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. 1. 1865, p. 214 and 1X. 1878, p. 175: Heller, Reise Novara, Crust. p.9: Hess, Archiv. fur Naturges. XXXI. i. 1865, pp. 183 and 171: Hoffmann, in Pollen and Van Dam, Faun. Madagasc., Crust. p. 3; Richters in Mobius Meeresf. Maurit. p. 145: F. Muller, Verh. Ges. Basel. VIII. 1886, p. 473: Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 111: de Man, Archiv. f. Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. p. 231, and Zool. 80 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [ No. 1, Jahrbuch., Syst. VIII. 1895, p. 496: Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napol. III. 1889, p. 189: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) V. 1898, p. 353: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbuch., Syst. VII. 1894, p. 469. Front obliquely deflexed, the median lobe very decidedly bilobulate and separated from the lateral lobes on either side by a deep notch. Carapace with not less than eleven large roundish dark-red blots (which seem never to competely fade even in very old Museum speci- mens) disposed as follows :—two on either side immediately behind the eye, the smaller and anterior one of these involving the orbital margin ; three in a transverse curve across the middle of the carapace; four in another transverse line just in front of the posterior margin. Hight specimens, from the Andamans, Nicobars, and Palk Straits. 2. Carzilius convexus, (Forskal) Riippell. Cancer convezus, Forskal, Descr. Anim. p. 88. Cancer adspersus, Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 264, pl. xxi. fig. 1. Cancer marmarinus, Herbst, Krabben, III, iv. 7, pl. lx, fig. 1. Carpilius convexus, Ruppell, 24 Krabben roth. Meer. p. 13, pl. iii, fig. 2 and pl. vi. fig. 6: Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 382, pl. xvi. figs. 9, 10: DeHaan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p.17 (name only): Dana, U. 8. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 159, pl. vii. fig. 5: Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1858, p. 32: Heller, SB. Ak. Wien XLITII. 1861, p. 319: Alph. Milne Edwards in Maillard’s Vile Réunion Annexe F, p. 3, and Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 215, and IX. 1878, p. 176: Hilgendorf in v. d. Decken’s Reisen in Ost-Afrika III.i. p. 73: Hoffmann in Pollen and Van Dam, Faun. Madagasc., Crust. p. 3: Miers, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 133, and Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) II. 1878, p. 407: Richters in Mébius Meeresfauna Manrit. p. 145: EH. Nauck, Zeitschr. Wiss. Zool. xxxiv. 1880, p. 56 (gastric teeth) : Haswell, Cat. Austr. Crust. p. 41: F. Muller, Verh. Ges. Basel VIII. 1886, p. 473: de Man, Archiv. f. Naturges. liii. 1887, i, 232, and Zool. Jahrb. Syst. VIII. 1895, p. 496: Ortmann Zool. Jahrbuch., Syst. etc., VII. 1894, p. 469, and in Semon’s Zool. Forschungsr. (Jena. Denkschr. VIII.) Crust., p. 51: Zehntner, Rev. Suisse Zool. II. 1894, p. 143. Carpilius lividus, Gibbes, Proc. Amer. Ass. III. 1850, p. 174, is according to A. Milne Edwards, vide Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 217, the young of Carpilius convesus. Miers also, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (v) II. 1878, p. 407, considers C. lividus to be a synonym of Carpilius convexus. Front vertically deflexed, the prominent median lobe is not de- cidedly bilobulate—in fact, it is sometimes but obscurely emarginate at tip—and is separated on either side from the lateral lobes by only a shallow excavation. Carapace irregularly marbled with dark red, which in old spirit specimens sometimes fades entirely. Seven specimens from the Andamans and Nicobars, | 1898. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 81 Carpitopes, Dana, A. Milne Edwards. Carpilodes, Dana, Silliman’s Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, (2) XII. 1851, p. 126, and Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci. Philad. VI. 1852, p. 77, and U.S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 192. Carpilodes, Alph. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 224 (et synon.) €arpilodes, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 133. Carpilozanthus, Alph. Milne Edwards in Maillard’s Vile Réunion, Annexe F, p. 3. (A. M. E.) Carapace very broad, convex in both directions, with the regions generally well demarcated and—especially in the anterior half—sub- divided into lobular areols; its antero-lateral borders usually sub- divided into four broad, shallow, rounded lobes; its postero-lateral borders straight, or a little concave, and strongly convergent. Front broad (about a third the greatest breadth of the carapace) obliquely deflexed, grooved and slightly notched in the middle line, but not distinctly bilobed. | Orbits small, with entire margins, but usually with the three suture lines near the outer angle more or less distinct: eye-stalks short and thick. Antennules folding obliquely, almost transversely. Basal antennal joint running up between the front and the lower orbital plate much as in Carpilius; the flagellum rather longer than the major diameter of the orbit. Anterior edge of merus of external maxillipeds almost transverse. Chelipeds equal or subequal in both sexes: fingers pointed, but distinctly grooved or hollowed near the tips. Abdomen of the male five-jointed, the 8rd—5th somites fused. Small crabs, easily recognizable by their short broad convex carapace, with its antero-lateral margins in the form of four broad shallow rounded lobes, its postero-lateral margins strongly convergent, and the broad deflexed rather prominent and convex front. Key to the Indian species of Carpilodes. I. Surface of carapace quite smooth to the naked eye :— i. Upper border of meropodites of legs crest-like ... C, lophopus. ii. Upper border of meropodites of legs not crest-like :— 1. Posterior part of carapace not lobulated :— a. Gastric region subdivided into three lobules only ... ade ce, O, tristis. b. Gastric region subdivided into five lobules :—= a. Outer surface of wrist and hand smooth am ... OO, venosus. 8. Outer surface of wrist nodular, of hand granular... vee C. stumpsoni. 2. The whole of the carapace divided into a network of lobules by fine lines wee = C, pediger, ar. Ll 82 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 1, II. Part or all of the surface of the carapace covered with vesiculous granules plainly visible to the naked eye :— i, Posterior part of the carapace not lobulated :— 1. The whole of the carapace covered with granules .. are . C. rugatus. 2. Only the mite’ lateral hatte of the carapace granular ... we C. vaillantianus. ii. Posterior part of the carapace more or pien divided into lobules by transverse grooves: the whole surface of the carapace densely granular :— 1. A single transverse furrow behind the Anat region ws. .. CO. margaritatus. 2. Two transverse peat (iheikecics of one that helps to form the raised posterior margin) behind the gastric region :— a. Branchial lobules few, long, roll-like... C. monticulosus. b. Branchial lobules many, small, nodule- like ae aN -. OC. cariosus. 3. COarpilodes tristis, Dana. Carpilodes tristis, Dana, U. 8. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I., p. 193, pl. ix. figs. 7a-d: Heller, Novara Crust. p. 17: Alph. Milne Edwards, Nouy. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 225, and 1X. 1873, p. 178: Haswell, Cat. Austr. Crust. p, 56: F. Muller, Verh. Ges. Basel, VIII. 1886, p. 474: de Man, Notes Leyden Mus. XII. 1890, p. 50: J. R. Henderson, Tr. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1898, p. 853: Ortmann, in Semon’s Zool. Forschungsr. (Jena. Denkschr. VIII) Crust. p. 51. Surface of carapace and appendages quite smooth to the naked eye, but with a dull look due to uniform microscopic miliary granulation. Gastric region delimited from the front, from the somewhat tumid supra-orbital margins, and posteriorly, by shallow grooves, and sharply demarcated from-the branchial regions by fine sharp-cut lines; and subdivided into three lobules by a fine sharp-cut X shaped median incision. Antero-lateral borders divided into four lobes, from the intervals between which fine sharp lines run obliquely inwards to incompletely subdivide the hepatic and branchial regions into lobules, Outer part of hepatic regions on a plane slightly lower than that of the rest of the carapace. Colours in spirit: uniform dull brownish-buff, except the fingers and a large part of the lower border of the hand, which are black. 79 specimens from the Andamans and Nicobars. 4, Carpilodes stimpsoni, A. Milne Edwards. Carpilodes stimpsoni, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 232, pl. xi. figs. 2-2c, and IX. 1873, p. 181: de Man, Archiv. fur Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. p. 284, and Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., vol. XXII. 1887-88, p. 25. 1898.] A. Alcock —-Carcinological Fauna of India. 83 Differs from Carpilodes tristis Dana in the following more conspicu- ous particulars :— . (1) the surface of the carapace is of a shiny smoothness, except for some irregular pitting on the lobules of the anterior portion : (2) the gastric region is subdivided into five longitudinal lobules (as in all the following species) by incisions running almost parallel with the limbs of the X shaped median incision : (3) the chelipeds have the upper and outer surface of the wrist nodular and of the hand granular, and the upper surface of the cor- responding joints and merus of the legs nodular : (4) the colour in spirit is light yellowish. A single specimen from Mergui. It appears to me very doubtful whether this species is really distinct from C. venosus. 5. Carpilodes venosus, (Edw.) Carpilius venosus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 383. Carpilodes venosus, A. Milne Hdwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 227, pl. xii. figs. 2-2b, and IX. 1873, p. 179: Miers, Zool. H. M.S. “Alert,” pp. 183 and 218: Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 358. Xantho obtusus, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust., p. 47, pl. xiii. fig. 5: Krauss, Sudafr. Crust. p. 31. Included in the Indian fauna on the authority of Dr. J. R. Henderson : there are no specimens in the Indian Museum referable to this species, unless (as, indeed, I believe) C. stimpsoni is synonymous. From Milne Edwards’ figures this species differs from C. stimpsont in having the chelipeds and legs perfectly smooth. 6. Carpilodes pediger, n. sp. Allied to ©. venosus and stimpsoni, from which it differs in having the whole of the carapace mapped out in lobules. Most closely allied to 0. ruber A. M. Edw., from which it conspicu- ously differs in the form of the male chelipeds. Carapace extremely convex in both directions, its surface, like that of the appendages, being perfectly smooth to the naked eye though very finely granular under the lens: it is symmetrically and minutely subdivided by fine lines into very many little-convex and rather angular- outlined lobules. The antero-lateral borders are rather deeply four- lobed, the prominence of the outer angle of the orbit forming a small fifth lobule. The chelipeds in the adult male are close upon twice the length of the carapace and have a very strong tooth on the inner upper border of 84 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [Nosd) the wrist, and strongly-arched fingers which meet only at the tip, the movable finger bearing (in addition to the serrations of the hollow tip) a strong tooth near the base. In the adult female the chelipeds are very little longer than the carapace and have only a small tooth on the wrist, and fingers which are not strongly arched but meet through the greater part of their extent. | Colours in spirit, light straw, fingers very light brownish: some- times the wings of the carapace are light grey and then there is also a light grey stripe down the middle of the carapace, fore and aft. Length of carapace 6°5 millim., breadth 10 millim. Off Andaman Is. 10-41 fms., off Ceylon 263 fms. Seven specimens, 7. Carpilodes lophopus, n. sp. All parts are smooth to the naked eye, though under the lens the surface of the carapace and chelipeds is minutely pitted or eroded. The regions are demarcated and subdivided by very fine lines; and the lateral gastric areole (2 M of Dana) and the mid-branchial areole (4 and 5 L of Dana) are particularly, and rather angularly, convex. The antero-lateral borders are four-lobed, the last two lobes being rather augular ; the postero-lateral borders are markedly concave. The front is broad and projects well beyond the orbits. Chelipeds not very much longer than the carapace: two little tubercles, one above the other, at the inner angle of the wrist, and two at the distal end of the upper border of the hand. The upper border of the meropodites of the legs is distinctly cristiform, that of the carpopodites is sinuous-cristiform, and both the upper and the lower edges of the propodites are cristiform—the lower more distinctly than the upper. Colours in spirit, yellowish white. Carapace about 5°5 millim. long, abont 8°5 millim. broad, Off south-east coast of Ceylon, 34 fms., a male and a female; a female from off Malabar coast, 29 fms. 8. Carpilodes rugatus, (Latr.) A. Milne Edwards. Zozymus rugatus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 385, (A. M. E.) Zozymus canaliculatus, Lucas, Voy. Astrolabe, Crust. p. 21, pl. iii. fig. 2(A. M. E.) Carpilowanthus rugatus, A. Milne Edwards in Maillard’s Vile Réunion, Annexe F, p. 3. (A. M. E.) Carpilodes rugatus, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 230, pl. xii. figs. 8, 3b, and IX. 1878, p. 180: Richters in Mobius Meeresf. Maurit. p. 146 : Miers, Zool. H. M. §. “ Alert,” pp. 517 and 529, 1898. ] A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 85 Surface of carapace uniformly covered with granules which are visible to the naked eye and on the antero-lateral parts of the carapace are vesiculous: the upper and outer surfaces of the wrist and hand, and of the corresponding joints of the legs, are closely granular to the naked eye, the granules of the hand being arranged in longitudinal series. As in all the Indian species of Carpilodes except C. tristis, the frontal and supra-orbital borders are cut off from the rest of the cara- pace by a sinuous groove which also includes the two front lobes of the four-lobed antero-lateral border, and the gastric region is longitudinally 5—lobular. Transverse grooves running from the last two intervals between the lobes of the antero-lateral border cut off, respectively, (1) the hepatic from the branchial regions, and (2) the first branchial lobule from the rest of the branchial region. All the lobules are strongly convex. The cardiac region is not defined, and there is no lobulation of the posterior moiety of the carapace. Colours in spirit—pink, fingers purplish-brown with white tips, 3 specimens from the Cocos Islands (Andamans). 9. Carpilodes vaillantianus, A. Milne Edwards, Carpilozanthus vaillantianus, A. Milne Edwards, in Maillard’s Vile Réunion Annexe F, p. 3. (A. M. EH.) Carpilodes vaillantianus, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 231, pl. xi. figs. 3-3b. Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 57: Miers, Zool. H. M.S, “ Alert,” p. 529: de Man, Archiv. f. Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. p. 235: Ortmann in Semon’s Zool. Forschungsr. (Jenaische Denksch. VIII.), Crust. p. 51. _ This species, if it is really distinct from C. rugatus, differs from the latter in the following particulars :— (1) the granulation is confined to the antero-lateral parts of the carapace : (2) the lobules of the carapace are less convex : (3) the furrow that cuts off the anterior branchial lobule does not meet the furrow that bounds the gastric region. Among 17 specimens in the Indian Museum there is a good deal of variation of these characters; so much so, that some of the specimens might almost be referred to C. rugatus, especially to the “ Astrolabe” figure. Five specimens from the Andamans, three from Muscat, two from Mergui; (the others from Mauritius, Samoa, and Viti). 10. Oarpilodes margaritatus, A. Milne Edwards. Carpilodes margaritatus, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus, IX, 1873, 86 A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 1, p. 182, pl. v. fig. 2: Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) V. 1893, p. 353: Whitelegge, Mem. Austral. Mus. III. 1897, p. 181. Carapace and legs covered with pearly granules plainly visible to the naked eye. The carapace is much lobulate, the anterior branchial lobe being itself trilobulate, and the region behind the gastric region being crossed transversely by a furrow. The antero-lateral borders are indistinctly four-lobed. The hands are not longitudinally furrowed. Colours ; red, fingers black. No specimens in the Indian Museum collection. Included here on the authority of Dr. J. R. Henderson. 11. Carpilodes cariosus, n. sp. Allied to C. margaritatus. Carapace strongly convex, its whole surface intricately cut up, by deep grooves, into many small strongly-convex lobules, the surface of which is pitted and granular, so as to give the carapace as a whole a somewhat worm-eaten appearance. The legs also have the extensor surfaces of the long joints granular and nodular: the outer surface of the wrist is nodular: the outer surface of the hand is granular and furrowed. The antero-lateral borders are very distinctly four-lobed. The space between the gastric region and the posterior border of the carapace is broken by two (or three, counting the groove inside the raised posterior border) deep transverse grooves, the space between the grooves being Cupid’s-bow-shaped. A transverse groove also cuts off a narrow piece from the posterior extreme of the mesogastric lobule. Colours in spirit ; whitish with pink spots on carapace, legs pink, fingers sometimes black with white tips, sometimes pinkish white. Length of carapace about 5 millim., breadth about 7 millim. Off Ceylon 26} to 34 fms., 13 specimens including several ovigerous females: off Andamans 10 to 15 fms., 2 specimens. 12. Carpilodes monticulosus, A. Milne Edwards. Carpilodes monticulosus, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus, IX. 1873, p. 181, pl. v. fig. 1: de Man, Archiv. f. Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. p. 2838: Ortmann in Semon’s Forschungsreisen (Jena. Denkschr. VIII.) Crust. p. 51. Carapace very broad (not far short of twice as broad as long), its surface everywhere closely covered with elegant vesiculous granules. The whole of the carapace is divided, by deep broadish grooves, into elongate lobules of an elegant smooth roll-like form (quite unlike any other Indian species). A marrow beaded lobule forms the posterior limit of the mesogastric lobe (much as in C. cartosus), and two 1898. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 87 furrows cross transversely the region between the latter and the posterior border of the carapace, On the branchial regions, on either side of the mesogastric lobule, is a small dimpled lobule. ‘The wrist and hand are closely covered with granules like those on the carapace, the wrist being dimpled and the hand longitudinally furrowed. The extensor surfaces of the legs are also closely, but much more finely, granular, the carpus in all being dimpled. Antero-lateral borders four-lobed, the lobes narrow, rather shallow, rounded, and the last three of nearly equal size. Colours in spirit; dark purplish-red, legs lighter, fingers white with brownish base. Two specimens, from Gt. Coco I. (Andamans) and East L, Andamans are in the Indian Museum. Carapace not quite 6 millim. long, 10 millim. broad, Liompra, Dana. Liomera, Dana Silliman’s Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts (2) XII. 1851, p. 124; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1852, p. 73; and U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 160. Liomera, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 218, and Exp. Sci. Mex. Crust. p. 239. Carapace extremely broad, strongly convex in both directions, transversely barrel-like, either smooth or with the regions very faintly indicated ; its antero-lateral borders thick, either entire or divided into four broad shallow rounded lobes, of which the first two are almost coalescent; its postero-lateral borders very strongly convergent, straight or a little concave. Front narrow (from a third to less than a fourth the breadth of the carapace), obliquely deflexed, grooved and slightly notched in the middle line, but not distinctly bilobed. Orbits small, with the three suture lines near the outer angle usually distinct ; eye-stalks short and thick. The antennules fold nearly transversely. Basal antennal joint broad and short, merely touching the front; the flagellum, which is short, lodged in the orbital hiatus. Anterior edge of merus of external maxillipeds a little oblique. Chelipeds equal or subequal in both sexes; fingers somewhat hollowed at tip. Legs sub-cylindrical. Abdomen of the male five-jointed, the 3rd—5th somites being fused. Small or medium-sized crabs, easily recognized by their short, very broad, strongly convex, barrel-like carapace. 88 A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 1, 13. Liomera cinctimana, (White), Dana. Carpilius cinctimanus, White, in Jukes Voyage H. M. 8. “ Fly,” Vol. II. p. 336, pl. ii. fig. 83, and Samarang Crust. p. 37, pl. vii. fig. 4. Liomera cinctimana, Dana, Silliman’s Journ. (2) XII. 1851, p. 124, and U.S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 161: A. Milne Edwards Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 219, and IX. 1873, p. 176, pl. v. fig. 4, and Exp. Sci. Mex. Crust. p. 240 : Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. New York, X. 1874, p. 103. Carpilodes cinctimanus, Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) V. 1880, p. 2384: Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 354. Liomera lata, Dana, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci.. Philad. 1852, p. 73, and U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 161, pl. vii, figs 6a-d: Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1858, p. 32, and Ann. Lyc. New York, X. 1874, p. 104: Heller, Novara Crust. p. 9: A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 220, and Exp. Sci. Mex., Crust. p. 240: F. Muller, Verh. Ges. Basel. VIII. p. 474. Carapace extremely broad—its length only about ;' of its breadth —its surface, like that of the appendages, everywhere smooth and polished, showing only the faintest indications of a gastro-cardiac region and of oblique lobulation of the branchial regions: the antero-lateral border is divided into three coarse lobes, the anterior of which is again obscurely divided into two. | Front obliquely deflexed, with a rather prominent convex edge cleft in the middle line. Orbital margin with three radiating suture- lines near the outer angle. Chelipeds equal. Colours in spirit; orange-red, fingers black, hand with a broad black cross-band merging with the black of the immobile finger. 3 specimens from the Andamans and Muscat (besides. specimens from Mauritius and South Sea Is.). 14. PLiomera sodalis, n. sp. Carapace broad (length about 3 breadth) very strongly convex, perfectly smooth, without any indication of regions, its margins smooth, entire. Front nearly vertically deflexed, its edge cleft in the middle line. Eyes large, supra-orbital margin without any suture-lines. Chelipeds a little unequal; the upper and outer surfaces of the carpus and hand of the smaller cheliped covered with prickly granules, but in the larger cheliped the granulation has a very much worn appearance: fingers hardly hollowed at tip. Legs (those that are present in the unique specimen) somewhat hairy ; none of the joints are carinate though some have prickly granules on the upper surface. Colours in spirit—of the same blotchy orange and reddish colour as that of a species of Solenocawlon, in the hollow stem of which the crab was found, 1898. |. A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 89 Length of carapace 6 millim., breadth 9 millim. Off south-east corner of Ceylon, 32 fms. This species resembles a small Aftergatis, but has sub-cylindrical legs and has no margin to the carapace. Lacunopopvus, Stimpson. Lachnopodus, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, p. 32: A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 233: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. VII. 1893-94, p. 452. ‘‘Carapax laevis, regione posticé transversim convexa. Orbita margine externa trifissa vel trilobata, lobis parvis, obtusis. Antenne ut in Carpilio (ut in Liomeré? ). Gnathopoda intima lacinia ad apicem non furcaté. Hectognathopoda ischio longitudinaliter sulcato; mero superficie versus angulum internum excavata, margine anteriore con- cava. Chelopoda manu facie externa sulcaté. Pedes ambulatorii valde setosi, mero compresso, superne spinoso. “‘ Liomere affinis, sed carapace angustiore, pedibus setosis spino- sisque.” This genus is not represented in the Indian Museum. 15. Lachnopodus rodgersi, Stimpson. Lachnopodus rodgersii, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, p. 32. Liomera rodgersii, Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) V. 1880, p. 231, pl. xiii. fig. 3, (orbit and antennz only): de Man, Archiv. fiir Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. p. 237: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool. (2) V. 1893, p. 354. “Carapace transverse, about once and a half as broad as long, smooth, glabrous, and shining, with the interregional sutures almost obsolete ; the two posterior teeth of the antero-lateral margins are the only ones developed, and are very obscurely marked and obtuse. The front is somewhat produced, and is divided by a median and two lateral incisions into four lobes, of which the two median are broad and truncated, and the lateral (or inner orbital lobes) are small and denti- form. On the upper orbital margin are three small obtuse teeth (including that of the outer orbital angle); the tooth at the inner and lower orbital angle is rather prominent. The merus-joint of the outer maxillipeds is rather small and transverse; and this joint has a shallow pit on its outer surface. The anterior legs (in the male) are rubust, smooth; arm or merus-joint with a series of spinules on its upper margin; carpus smooth, with an antero-internal tooth ; penu!ti- J, 1. 12 90 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. ], mate joint or palm slightly rugose externally, and with two longitudinal and parallel grooves on its outer surface ; fingers short, robust, toothed on their inner margins and with the apices not excavated. The ambulatory legs are somewhat compressed and clothed with long fulvous hairs; their merus-joints are spinulose on their upper margins. The postabdomen of the male is five-jointed, the third to fifth joints being coalescent. Length 83 lines, breadth nearly 1 inch 1 line. This species has been hitherto known only from the very short generic definition of Dr. Stimpson, which, however, embraces all the characteristic peculiarities of the species, and which agrees exactly with the example before me, except in one point. Stimpson says (1, c.), *“ Antennae ut in Carpilio.’ In the specimen now before me the antennae are of the same structure as in Ivomera, the basal joint being very short and united at its summit to an inferior prolongation of the front, and not, as in Carpilius, joined to the front along its inner margin. I have little doubt that Stimpson erroneously wrote Carpilius for Liomera, as he does not say that Lachnopodus is distinguished from Liomera by any peculiarity in the structure of the antenne. I do not think that Lachnopodus is generically distinct, as Milne Edwards has described a Liomera (L. longimana) with hairy ambulatory legs.” | (Miers.) Genus LIoxaNntTHo. Carapace broad, moderately or strongly convex in its anterior two- thirds, flat posteriorly ; the gastric region is fairly or faintly delimited, and one or two short furrows may pass on to it obliquely from the intervals between the lobes of the antero-lateral margin, but beyond this there is no distinct division of the carapace into regions or sub- regions. The antero-lateral borders are much like that of Liomera, being divided into 4 broad blunt lobes, of which the first two are so much coalescent as to really form but one. Front somewhat deflexed, bilobed, or sinuous and notched in the middle line. Fronto-orbital border less than half the greatest width of he carapace. Orbital margin and antenne as in Xantho. Anterior edge of merus of external maxillipeds a little more oblique than in Xantho. Chelipeds either subequal or unequal in both sexes, fingers pointed. Legs subcylindrical. Abdomen of male five-jointed, the 3rd-5th somites coalescent. 1898. A. Aleock— Carcinological Fauna of India. Sd Key to the species of the genus Lioxantho. I. Chelipeds unequal, outer angles of front separated from the supra-orbital margin by a notch; regional markings of carapace almost obsolete bb den oo. L. twmidus. II. Chelipeds equal, outer angles of front fused with supra- orbital margin :— i. Carapace chelipeds and legs smoothas wax ... IL. punctatus. ii. Carapace chelipeds and legs aniformly closely and finely granular... vow .. L. asperatus. 16. ILnoxantho punctatus, (Kdw.) _ Xantho punctatus, Milne Kdwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. 1. 396: A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IX. 1873, p. 199, pl. vii. fig. 6: Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 125: de Man, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 1V. 1889, p. 420, and Notes Leyden Mus. XII. 1890, p. 52, pl. iii. fig. 1. Liomera punctata, Miers, Zool. H. M.S. Alert, pp. 517, 528: de Man, Archiv. fur Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. p. 238: J.R. rRedtiendde: Trans. Linn. Soc. Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 354: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst. VII. 1893-94, p. 451. Carapace moderately convex in the anterior two-thirds, flat post- eriorly, its surface smooth. The gastric region is fairly well defined antero-laterally, and the fronto-orbital region marked off, by distinct grooves ; and two short grooves (of which the anterior is the longer) pass in obliquely from the notches between the 2nd and 3rd, and 3rd and 4th lobes of the antero-lateral margin; but this is all the areola- tion that exists. Antero-lateral border moulded into four broad shallow lobes, of which the first two are almost coalescent. Front bilobed, the outer angle of each lobe fused with the supra- orbital border, as in Xantho impressus and as in no other Indian species of Xantho: the width of the front is about a fourth the greatest breadth of the carapace. Chelipeds equal in both sexes, perfectly smooth, although a very indistinct groove sometimes runs about half way along the outer surface of the hand near the upper border. Legs thickish, smooth, the dactylus with some fur and a few short hairs, Colours in spirit; pinkish yellow or buff, with small red spots on carapace, and ill-defined pinkish-brown patches on chelipeds and legs ; fingers black, with light brown tips, In the Indian Museum are 3 specimens from Cey lon, (as well as 8 from Mauritius and 2 from Samoa). 17. LInowantho tumidus, n. sp. Carapace in its anterior two-thirds strongly convex from before 92 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. I, backwards and a little convex from side to side, flat in its posterior third ; perfectly smooth and polished. The limits of the gastric region, and its division into three sub-regions, are faintly apparent as mere markings, not grooves; and the fronto-orbital region is marked off by a - faint groove. The antero-lateral border is divided into four broad shallow lobes, of which the first two are almost confluent; from the notch between the second and third a short groove runs obliquely inwards on to the carapace, and a still shorter one from the notch between the third and fourth. Front much less than a fourth the greatest width of the carapace, bilobed, the outer angle of each lobe separated from the supra-orbital margin by a notch and groove. Chelipeds unequal, smooth and polished. Legs rather thick, smooth ; a few scattered hairs along the upper border of the last three and along the lower border of the last two joints, the dactylus also furred, The upper border of the meropodites of all the legs, as well as of the arm, is microscopically serrulate or crenulate. Colours in spirit pinkish yellow, fingers black with light brown tips. In the Indian Museum are 3 specimens from the Andamans, (and one from Samoa). This species exactly resembles a quite smooth and strongly- inflated Xantho bidentatus, and but that I have 4 specimens, represent- ing both sexes and different ages, I should have regarded it as an abnormality of that species. It also has a remarkable resemblance to the Xantho (Lachnopodus ) tahitensis figured and described by de Man in Zool. Jahrb. Syst. IV. 1889, p. 418, pl. ix. fig. 43 but it has not the row of strong spines along the upper border of the meropodites of the chelipeds and legs, that are characteristic of that species. 18. ILnoxantho asperatus, n. sp. Carapace very slightly convex fore and aft in its anterior two- thirds, quite flat posteriorly and from side to side, very closely sharply and uniformly granular everywhere except the posterior median portion, where the granulation is visible only under a lens. The gastric region is faintly delimited, a short bifurcating groove runs in from the frontal notch, and two very faint grooves run in obliquely from the two notches of the antero-lateral margins, but this is all the attempt at areolation that exists. | ; 1898. ] A. Alcock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 93 Antero-lateral border granular and rather sharp, very obscurely divided into three most inconspicuous lobes, the first of which hardly shows a trace of subdivision. Front not quite a fourth the greatest breadth of the carapace, obliquely deflexed, emarginate and faintly grooved in the middle line, its outer angles not separated from the supra-orbital margin. Chelipeds equal, the upper corner of the outer surface of the arm, the upper and outer surfaces of the wrists and hands, closely covered with little pearly granules like those on the antero-lateral parts of the carapace. Legs stout: the upper edge of the merus and the dorsal surface of the next two joints granular like the chelipeds, the dactylus hairy. Colours in spirit orange-yellow. In the indian Museum are a male and female probably from Karachi. Liacore, De Haan. Liagore, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 19. Liagora, Dana, Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts (2) XII. 1851, p. 124; and U.S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 148. Carapace somewhat approaching the quadrilateral, strongly convex fore-and-aft, little convex from side to side, smooth, without any indic- ation of regions. Antero-lateral border moderately arched, entire; postero-lateral border very moderately convergent, straight, about as long as the chord of the antero-lateral ; posterior border long,—about half the greatest width of the carapace in length, or more. Fronto-orbital border about half, front about quarter, the greatest width of the carapace in extent. Front a little deflexed, broadly bilobed. Orbital margin thin entire, the outer angle of orbit a little thickened. Eyes on very short thick stalks. The antennules fold nearly transversely. Basal antennal joint very short and broad, but passing up between the side of the front and the inner angle of the orbit; the flagellum, which is about as long as the major diameter of the orbit, lodged in the orbital hiatus. Anterior edge of merus of external maxillipeds somewhat oblique. Chelipeds massive, equal in both sexes, the fingers ume Legs subcylindrical, rather long, smooth. Abdomen of male five-jointed, the 3rd—5th somites fused. 19. Inagore rubromaculata, De Haan. Cancer (Liagore) rubromaculatus, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 49, pl. v. oe, 1. 94 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 1, Liagore rubromaculata. Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) II. 1878, p. 407 (note) ; and Challenger Brachyura, p. 111, (footnote), Carapace transversely somewhat oval, approximating the quadri- lateral type, with long posterior and only moderately convergent postero-lateral borders ; its surface devoid of sculpture and perfectly smooth to the naked eye, microscopically pitted and granular : pterygo- stomian region somewhat hairy. Antero-lateral border moderately sharp, entire. Front broadly and rather faintly bilobed, the outer angles of each lobe pronounced, pro- minent, and separated from the supra-orbital margin by a short: shallow groove. A little pimple-like thickening at the outer angle of the orbit. Chelipeds equal, smooth and polished: both borders of the arm hairy, the upper border with a few blunt denticles ; both the inner and the outer angles of the wrist strongly pronounced ; eee long, isa with the opposed edges strongly but bluntly serrate. Legs long, subcylindrical, smooth and polished, the dactyli most elegantly plumed. Colours in spirit yellowish with numerous large livid red spots. In the Indian Museum is a single specimen dredged off the Irrawaddy Delta in 20 fms., (besides 8 from Hongkong). Alliance II. Zozymorda. Atergatis. Lophactza, Zozymus. Lophozozymus. ArErGATIs, De Haan, A. Milne Edw. Atergatis, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 17. Atergatis, Dana, Silliman’s Journ. Sci. and Arts (2) XII. 1851, p. 124, and U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pl. I. p. 57. Atergatis, A. Mitng Epwarps, ANN. Scr. Nat. Zoot. (4) XVIII, ieee p. 49, and Novv. Arcuiv. pu Mus. I. 1865, p. 231. Atergatis, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 111. Platypodia, Bell, Trans. Zool. Soc. I. 1835, p. 336. Carapace externally broad, convex in both directions, regional boundaries absent or quite inconspicuous, surface either quite smooth or somewhat pitted ; its antero-lateral borders strongly arched and with an independent keel-like edge; the postero-lateral strongly convergent, straight. The under surface of the wings of the carapace is a good deal hollowed to receive the wrists and hands in flexion. Front narrow (from a fourth to less than a fifth the greatest breadth of the carapace) more or less deflexed, its edge shaped’ like cupid’s bow (7.e., not bilobed). 1898. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 95 Orbital margin with the three suture-lines near the outer angle fine and faint but distinct: eyestalks short and thick, eyes small. Antennules folding transversely, inter-antennulary septum broad. Basal joint of antenne short, touching the front only at their antero-external augle; flagellum lodged in the orbital hiatus, short (less than the major diameter of the orbit). | , Merus of external maxillipeds with the anterior border almost transverse. Chelipeds subequal in both sexes; fingers pointed, not distinctly hollowed at tip. Legs with the upper border of the merus carpus and propus, and the lower border of the merus and propus, sharply carinate or cristate. Abdomen of the male five-jointed, the 3-5th somites being fused. Medium-size and large crabs. Key to the Indian species of Atergatis. I, Edge of antero-lateral borders of carapace sharp and crest-like, forming a tooth or ridge atthe lateral epibran- chial angle :— i. Carapace with an even surface, without indications of regions :— 1. Surface of external maxillipeds almost devoid of hair; no comb-like tufts of hair on the legs ae side «. A, integerrimus. 2. Surface of external maxillipeds like a door- mat; comb-like tufts of thick hair on the under surface of some of the joints of the legs sae bt .. A, dilatatus. ii, Carapace with the surface somewhat lumpy; variegated with spots and confluent blotches ... A, floridus. II. Edge of antero-lateral borders of carapace thick and blunt; no ridge or tooth at the lateral epibranchial angle a a ait ie .. A, roseus, 20, ns shawsnascanwew nner we ee 6, anaglypta. II, Regions and mn aoe of ‘tne carapace so faint as to be visible only on close inspection ; postero-lateral borders remarkably concave, and defined by a row of sharp beads or teeth .........sesecsssscsseeserersetersesssscervee L. corallina. 25. Lophactea cristata, A. Milne Edwards. Lophactza cristata, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1869, p. 246, pl. xvi. fig. 1: de Man, Notes Leyden Mus. III. 1881, p. 95, and Arch. fur Naturges. LIII. 1887. i. p. 246: F. Miller, Verh. Ges. Basel VIII. p. 474: Ortmann, Semon’s Forschungsr. (Jena. Denkschr. VIII.), Crustacea, p. 50. Carapace symmetrically intersected by broad smooth rather deep furrows, which delimit and subdivide the regions, the strongly marked convexities of the regions and subregions being closely studded with pearl-like granules : similar, but larger, granules occur in linear series on the outer surface of the wrist and hand; and similar, but smaller, granules are found on the outer surface of the corresponding segments of the legs. The under surface of the carapace is finely granular and more or less furred, The whole supra-orbital border is tumid, with a row of pearly granules. The crest of the antero-lateral border is divided into four broad segments by three narrow fissures. Upper border of the arm and hand strongly and sharply crested, fingers fluted. 1898. ] A, Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 101 Legs with a few scattered bristles on most of the joints, and with the claws covered with short fur: the upper edge of the merus carpus and propus is strongly crested, as are the lower edges of the merus. Colours in spirit, yellowish or greenish brown, fingers blackish brown. One specimen from the Madras coast is in the Indian Museum collection. (There are other specimens from Mauritius). 2€. Lophactsxa semigranosa, (Heller) A. M. Edw. Atergatis semigranosus, Heller, Abhand. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XI. 1861, p. 6, and SB. AK. Wien, XLIII. 1861, p. 313. Lophactza semigranosa, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 248: Miers, Zool. H. M.S. Alert, pp. 517 and 527: de Man, Archiv. fur Naturges. LIILI. 1887, i. p. 246, pl. viii. fig. 4: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 355: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. VII. 1894, p. 459. Closely resembles LZ. cristata Heller, from which it is, perhaps, not specifically distinct. It differs chiefly in having the pearly granules not only less sharply sculptured aud less closely studded, but quite absent from a part of the post-cardiac region, from the supra-orbital border, and from the outer surface of the walking legs. Its appearance, in short, is that of DL. cristata with the sculpturing worn. 7 specimens from the Andamans, Mergui, and Ceylon. 27. Lophactzxa granulosa, Riippell, A. M. Edw. Xantho granulosus, Riippell, 24 Krabben roth. Meer. p. 24, pl. v. fig. 3. Aegle granulosus, De Haan. Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 17 (name only). Cancer limbatus, Hdw., Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 377, pl. xvi. fig. 14. Atergatis limbatus, Dana, U. 8. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 157: Heller, Novara Crust, p. 8: Streets, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. VII. 1877, p. 105. Lophactza granulosa, A. Minne Epwarps, Nouv. Arcuiv. pu Mus. I. 1865, p. 247, and 1X. 1873, p. 187: Brocchi, Ann. Sci. Nat. (6) II. 1875. Art. 2, p. 71, pl. xvii. fig. 138 (male appendages): Hilgendorf, MB. AK. Berl. 1878, p. 787: de Man, Notes Leyden Mus. III. 1881, p. 95, and Archiv. fur Naturges. LILI. 1887, i. p. 246: Haswell, Cat. Austr. Crust. p. 43: Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 114: Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Nap. III. 1889, p. 190: J. R. Henderson, Tr. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 354: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. &c. VII. 1894, p. 459. Closely resembles the two preceding species, from which it differs most conspicuously in having no crest to the upper border of the hand: the granulation of the carapace is not nearly so sharp-cut and pearl-like. Iu the Indian Museum are specimens from Australia and Samoa, but none from India. It is included in the Indian Fauna on the authority of Dr. J. R. Henderson. 102 A. Alcock — Car'cinological Fauna of India. [ No. 1, 28. Lophactxa anaglypta (Heller), A. M. Edw. Atergatis anaglyptus, Heller, Abhandl. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1861, p. 6, and SB. Ak. Wien, XLIIL. 1861, p. 312, pl. ii. figs. 11, 12. Lophactxa anaglypta, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv..du Mus. I. 1865, p. 251, and IX. 1873, p. 190: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb, Syst. VII. 1893, p. 459: de Man, Zool. Jahrb, Syst. VIII. 1895, p. 498. Carapace with the regions separated and symmetrically subdivided by broad but well cut grooves, but with the texture of the surface—as of the appendages—perfectly smooth, the only roughness of any sort being a few lines and impressions on the outer surface of the hand.. Crest of the antero-lateral border narrow, divided into four lobes by three insignificant notches or dents, Supra-orbital border not tumid throughout its extent. Crest of the upper border of the hand low and rather blunt: crests of the leg-joints distinct but rather low. One specimen from Galle, one from the Persian Gulf. 29. Lophactxa corallina, n. sp. Carapace broadly semioval, with remarkably concave postero-lateral borders, the crest of the antero-lateral border very thin and sharp and a little angular, the postero-lateral and posterior borders bounded by a line of sharp beads or teeth. Frout obliquely deflexed, with a sharp broadly-bilobed edge. The whole surface of the carapace is very finely granular, but the division and subdivision of the regions, though undoubtedly existent, is hardly perceptible, so faint are the inter-regional depressions : some long stiff hairs occur here and there. The under surface of the carapace and the surface of the external maxillipeds and male sternum is finely granular. | The chelipeds and legs are rather hairy and are beautifully sculp- tured: at the distal end of the arm is a petal-like crest, and three series of larger petaloid granules or crests traverse the outer surface of the. wrist longitudinally : the outer surface of the hand is closely granular, the granules becoming linear in arrangement and laminar in a to-. wards the upper part. The outer surfaces of the legs are covered with granules and teeth, two crests on the carpopodites of all being very distinct. Colours in spirit, yellowish or whitish with a pink blush: fingers with a black cross-band at the base. | Length of carapace 6 millim., breadth 9 iii, A male and female from off Gevinee 34 fms. 1898. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 103 30. Lophactzxa fissa, Henderson. - Lophactwa fissa, Henderson, Trans, Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 355, pl. xxxVi. figs. 8, 8a. It appears to me possible that this, which seems to be founded on a single specimen, is only an individual variation of DL, granulosa. Lophactzxa sp, From Inglis I. (Andamans) a single small specimen, not agreeing with any described species, which in the circumstances I forbear to describe, It belongs to the UL. cristata and semigranosa group, but has the inter-regional furrows much shallower and less distinct, and the pearly granules absent from all but the front part of the gastric region and the lateral parts of the epibranchial region: those on the chelipeds are also much fewer aud more scattered. The legs are very hairy. Zozymvus, Leach. Zozymus, Leach, [Dict. Sci. Nat. XII. p. 75. Miers]: and in Desmarest, Consid. Gen. Crust. p. 105. Zozymus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 383 (part). Zozymus, Dana, U. 8. Expl. Exp., Crust. pt. I. p. 189. Zozymus, A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., (4) XX. 1863, p. 302. Zozymus, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 134, Carapace moderately broad, moderately convex in both directions, with the regions well delimited and subdivided into numerous lobules, the surface of which is not usually granular. The antero-lateral borders are sharp and crest-like, and are cut into lobes (usually four in number) ; the postero-lateral borders are straight and strongly convergent. Front about a fourth the greatest breadth of the carapace, obliquely deflexed, grooved and emarginate in the middle line: orbits large, the tumid edge with the three suture lines near the outer angle distinct ; eyes on short thick stalks. Antennules folding nearly transversely, inter-antennulary septum broad. Basal joint of antenne short, touching the front only at the (produced) antero-internal angle; the flagellum short (less than the major diameter of the orbit), lodged in the orbital hiatus. Merus of the external maxillipeds with the front edge a little oblique. Chelipeds equal in both sexes; fingers with broad hollowed-out 104 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 1, tips. Long joints of legs with sharp crest-like upper borders much as in Atergatis. Abdomen of the male five-jointed, the 3rd—5th somites being fused. Rather large crabs. Key to the Indian species of Zozymus. I. All parts of carapace rugose : inter-regional and inter- lobular furrows smooth and naked except, perhaps, near the margin of the carapace oe 4, aeneus, II. Posterior third of carapace hardly at all rugose: inter- regional and inter-lobular furrows for the most part full of short close hair SH sate .. Z. pilosus. 31. Zozymus aeneus, (Linn.) Cancer incomparibilis, Seba, Thesaurus IIT. 48, pl. xix. fig. 18. Cancer aeneus, Linn., Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 451, and Syst. Nat. (ed. xii) p. 1048. Cancer floridus, Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 132, 264, pl. iii. fig. 39, pl. xxi. fig. 120. Cancer amphitrite, Herbst, Krabben, IIT. ii. 5, pl. liii. fig. 1. Cancer aeneus and floridus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. II. 455, 445, and Suppl. p. 335, 338. Cancer aeneus, Latreille, Hist. Nat. Crust. V. 375: Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Verteb. V. 271: Desmarest, Consid. Gen. Crust. p. 104: [Quoy et Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, pl. lxxvi. fig. 1. Edw.]. Zozymus aeneus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 385, Aegle aeneus, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 17. Zozymus aeneus, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 192, pl. x. fig. 3: Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, p. 32: Heller, SB. AK. Wien, XLIII. 1861, p. 326: A. Milne Edwards, in Maillard’s Vile Réunion, Annexe F. p. 4, and Nouv. Archiv. du Mus, IX. 1873, p. 207: Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) II. 1878, p. 407, and Phil. Trans. Vol. 168, 1879, p. 486, and Ann. Mag, Nat. Hist. (5) V. 1880, p. 234, and Challenger Brachyura, p. 184: Richters in Mébins Meeresf. Maurit. p. 146: Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crast. p. 58: F. Muller, Verh. Ges. Basel VIII. p. 474: de Man, Archiv. fur Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. p. 273: Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli III. 1889, p. 199: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 859: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. VII. 1893-94, p. 458, and Semon’s Forschungsr. (Jena. Denk. V1II) Crust. p. 50: Whitelegge, Mem. Austral. Mus. IIL. 1897, p. 181. Carapace with the regions well delimited and very strongly rugose, the rugosities being small in the postero-lateral regions but every where smooth and polished, and everywhere symmetrical. The crest-like antero-lateral borders are 4-scalloped, the three anterior lobes being rounded and the fourth being dentiform. The tumid orbital margins are marked by four suture lines. The front hardly projects beyond the level of the orbit. The wrist has its outer surface made rugose by meandering furrows, one of which runs fore and aft, the others transversely. The 1898. | A. Alcock —Carcinological Fauna of India. 105 hand carries a blunt but well-marked crest along its upper border, below which the surface is rugose much as the wrist: the lower part of the outer surface of the hand is tuberculous, the tubercles tending to a linear arrangement. The fingers are fluted, bear strong molariform teeth and tufts of hair on their cutting edge, and have blunt-pointed, hollowed out (spoon-like) tips. The furrows of the wrist and hands, as well as those of the legs, are filled with close short fur. The merus carpus and propus have the upper edge strongly cari- nate, the inner surface of each crest bearing a thick fringe of long somewhat silky hair: the dorsal surface of these joints is furrowed longitudinally, with many more or less plain transverse impressions also: the dactyli are hairy up to the claw. In life the animal is beautifully spotted and ocellated with chocolate brown on a bluish-grey ground. In spirit the animal has a chinaware look and a dull yellowish-white colour, with darker yellow and dall brownish spots and markings. In the Indian Museum are 30 specimens from the Andamans and Laccadives. 32. Zozymus pilosus, A. Milne Edwards. Zozymus pilosus, A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4) VII. 1867, p. 271; and Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IX. 1878, p. 208, pl. vii. fig. 2. Carapace having the regions and lobules well defined in its anterior two-thirds only : the lobules have a flattened semi-imbricate look, wavy edges, and a rough or granular surface; and the grooves that separate them are filled with small short close-set bristles, especially along the anterior contours of the lobules, All four lobes of the antero-lateral borders are rounded and not dentiform. The orbital margin is not very tumid and is marked by three suture lines. The front projects beyond the orbit. The wrist and hand are closely nodular: the nodules (those on the hand especially) have a granular surface, and the grooves that separate them are full of short close hair: the upper edge of the hand is not crested. Fingers short, stout, blunt-pointed, hollowed at tip: they are strongly fluted, the ridges being beaded in their basal half. The legs have the upper edge of the merus, carpus, and propodite strongly crested: the crest of the merus and carpus may be subserrate, and is always notched near the distal end. The dorsal surface of the carpus and propodite is grooved and nodular—the nodules having a flat, subimbricate look. Colours in spirit—yellowish-white, with a faint bluish or purplish blush ; the crest-like margin of the carapace lighter than other parts; fingers dark brown with white tips. J. ui, 14 106 A. Aleock — Careinological Fauna of India, { Nowa; In the Indian Museum is a specimen from Port Blair Harbour (Andamans), and one from the Angrias Bank (Malabar Coast) in 15 fms. Although the chelipeds and antero-lateral margins make this species easily recognizable from Lophozozymus incisus (Kdw.) de Man, I am inclined to suspect that this is the young of L. incisus. Lopnozozymus, A. Milne Edwards. Lophozozymus, A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., (4) XX. 1863, p. 276 ; and Ann. Soc. Entom. France (4) VII. 1867, p. 272. Lophozozymus, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 114, Differs from Zozymus in having (1) the crest of the antero-lateral border sharp-edged and (2) the fingers not spooned at tip. To avoid unnecessary disturbance of accepted nomenclature the name is here maintained as a subgenus of Zozymus. Key to the Indian species of the subgenus Lophozozymus. I. Front lobe of the antero-lateral border confluent and fused with the orbit: [size moderate or small ]:— . Regions and lobules of carapace well defined ; the lobules pitted or dented, the grooves between them hairy: chelipeds and legs shaggy ............ DL. wmecisus. i. Regions and lobules of carapace ill defined and faint: surface of carapace smooth and bare: legs with a few lank scattered hairs ... - .... wsseee Le. dodone. II, Front lobe of antero-lateral border soph indl Sesith the orbit by a gap; carapace smooth, the regions (but not the subregions) fairly well defined : [size large ]:— i. Hands smooth and bare .., ....... cecovcoseesees L, octodentatus. ii. Outer surface of hand granular es ie Eth ae L. cristatus. 33. Lophozozymus octodentatus, Edw. Cancer saxatilis, Ramph, Amboinsch. Rariteitk. p. 9, pl. v. fig. M. Cancer rumphii, Guérin, Icon. Régne An. pl. ii. fig. 1, (nec Herbst.) Xantho octodentatus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. 1. 398: Lucas in Jacquinot’s Voyage Astrolabe, Zool., Crust., p. 23, pl. ix. fig. 1: E. Nauck, Zeits. Zool. XXX1V. 1880, p. 51 (gastric teeth): Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 58. Lophozozymus epheliticus Linn., Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) V. 1880, p. 231, and Zool. H. M.S. Alert, pp. 182, 207: A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., XX. 1890, p. 109: de Man, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VIII. 1895, p. 518. Carapace perfectly smooth and polished; the gastric region de- limited on all sides and partly subdivided, and the hepatic separated from the branchial regions, by broad smooth shallow depressions. Underside of carapace hairy, 1898.] A. Aleock —Carcinological Fauna of India. 107 Front gently convex beyond the orbits, finely cleft in the middle line. Orbital border sharp, somewhat puckered by three sutures near the outer angle. The crest-like antero-lateral border is sharp and is cut into four teeth, of which the first is separated from the orbit by a gap, the third and fourth are keeled, and the third strongly accuminate. Chelipeds equal, their surface perfectly smooth: the upper edge of the arm is strongly crested, the crest at its distal end being foliace- ously expanded and deeply cleft; wrist with a strong double tubercle at its inner angle; upper edge of hand crested, but rather coarsely ; fingers large, long, pointed. — Legs smooth: upper edge of merus carpus and propodite strongly crested, the inner face of the crest with tufts of long hair; dactylus furred up to the claw. Colours in spirit: a bright orange-red network on a dull yellow- ochre ground, fingers black. In the Indian Museum are two specimens from Singapore. 34. Lophozozymus cristatus, A. Milne Edwards. Lophozozymus cristatus, A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Soc. Entom. France (4) VII. 1867, p. 272, and Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IX. 1873, p. 203, pl. vi. fig. 4: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 361: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VII. 1893-94, p. 456. This species appears to differ from LD. octodentatus only in having the first lobe or tooth of the antero-lateral margin acute instead of rounded and the outer surface of the hands granular and hairy. There are no specimens in the Indian Museum; and the species — if it be distinct —is included in the Indian fauna on the authority of Dr. J. R. Henderson. 35. Lophozozymus incisus (Edw.) Haswell, de Man. Xantho incisus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 397: Hess, Archiv. f. Nat. XXXI. 1865, i. p. 183: F. Muller, Verh. Ges. Basel, VIII. 1886, p. 474. ? Xantho superbus, Dana, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1852, p. 74, and U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 167, pl. viii. figs. 5a-b, (nec A. Milne Edwards) de Man. Lophozozymus incisus, Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 58: de Man, Archiv. fiir Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. p. 268, pl. x. fig. 1: Thallwitz, Abh. u. Ber. Mus. Dresden, 1890-91, no. 3, p. 48. Carapace with the regions well delimited, and having the branchial regions (and to a less extent, the gastric region also) subdivided into lobules which have their anterior margins sinuous and sharply under- mined so as to have a semi-imbricate look. The surface of these lobules is a little dented and uneven, and the grooves that separate them are full of hair.’ 108 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. , The crest-like antero-lateral border is cut into 4 lobes, of which the first is confluent with the orbit, and the last two are pointed and strongly keeled. Front little convex beyond the orbits, distinctly bilob- ed. Orbital border sharp, salient, with three suture-lines. Chelipeds equal: upper edge of arm with a strong crest, which is foliaceously expanded and cleft at its distal end ; upper border of hand and dactylus crested ; outer surface of wrist and hand covered with large granules, which stand in more or less distinct linear series and are a good deal concealed by long shaggy hairs. Fingers stout, of good length, pointed. | Legs with the upper edge of merus carpus and propodite strongly crested and shaggy, and the surfaces of the dactylus and of most of the propodite shaggy. Colours in spirit yellow with many orange-red patches; fingers dark brown. 7 In the Indian Museum are 2 specimens, one from the Orissa Coast, 15-35 fms., the other from the Angrias Bank (Malabar Sea) 15 fms. 36. Lophozozymus dodone (Herbst) Hilgendorf, de Man. Cancer dodone, Herbst, Krabben, III. ii. 37, pl. lii. fig. 5. : Lophozozymus dodone, Hilgendorf, MB. Ak. Berl. 1878, p. 789: Miers, Zool. H. M.S. Alert, pp. 517, 527: de Man, Archiv. fiir Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. p. 270, pl. x. figs. 2, 2a: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn, Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 361 : Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VII. 1893-94, p. 457. Xantho radiatus (? C. dodone Herbst) Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 398:: A. Milne Edwards, in Maillard’s l’ile Réunion, Annexe F. p. 4. Atergatis lateralis, White P. Z. S. 1847, p. 225; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) II. 1848, p. 285; and Samarang Crust. p. 39, pl. viii. fig. 1. Xantho lamelligera, White, ll. cc. p. 225, p. 285, p. 40 (fide A. Milne Edwards infra). Xantho nitidus, Dana, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1852, p. 74, and U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 166, pl. viii. figs. 4a-b. Atergatis elegans, Heller, Novara Crust. p. 7, pl. i. fig. 4 (fide de Man). Lophozozymus radiatus, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IX. 1873, p. 206. Carapace smooth with the regions very faintly indicated and with very few and faint traces of lobulation : sometimes a few lank hairs on the antero-lateral border. The crest-like antero-lateral border is trenchant and somewhat cockled, and is cut into 4 shallow scallops, the last two of which are acuminate and carinate, and the first of which is confluent with the orbit. Front slightly convex beyond the orbits and a little emarginate in the middle line. Orbital border sharp with the suture lines faint and indistinct, 1898. ] A. Alcock— Carcinological Fauna of India. 109 Chelipeds equal; outer surface of wrist and hand finely granular or rugose under the lens; upper edge of arm crested but not foliaceously expanded; both upper and lower edge of hand crested. Fingers very short and stumpy, pointed. _ Legs smooth: upper edge of merus carpus and propodite crested and having a few scattered hairs; also a few scattered hairs on the surface and lower edge of propodites. Colours in spirit yellow, with diffused orange-red patches; fingers brown, white at tip. In the Indian Museum are three specimens from the Andamans. Alliance III. Huaanthoida. EKuxanthus. Hypocoelus. Evxantaus, Dana. _ Euzanthus, Dana, Silliman’s Amer. Journ. Sci. and Art. (2) XII. 1851, p. 125; Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1852, p. 75; and U.S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 178. Melissa, Strahl, Archiv. fur Naturges. XX VII. 1861, i. p. 101. Euzanthus, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv, du Mus. I. 1865, p. 289, Carapace very broad, strongly convex in both directions, with the regions well delimited and subdivided into convex lobules. The antero-lateral borders are sharp and somewhat irregularly scallopped, the lobes often subpyramidal or dentiform: they do not terminate at the orbit, but are prolonged, beneath the orbit, to the buccal cavern. The postero-lateral borders are very short and very concave. The front is of no great breadth (about a fifth the greatest breadth of the carapace), bilobed, and prominent. The supra-orbital border and the inner angle of the lower border of the orbit are tumid, and the rest of the orbital margin is very low and forms an unbroken curve, with only one closed suture line. The eyes have short thick stalks. The antennules fold nearly transversely. The basal antennal joint is prolonged right into the orbit, and the short flagellum is therefore placed inside the orbit. The outer border of the merus of the external maxillipeds is oblique. The chelipeds are equal in both sexes, and are relatively small and light. The fingers are rather long-pointed, and have the tip slightly but distinctly hollowed out. | Abdomen of the male five-jointed, the 3rd—5th somites being fused. Crabs of medium size, easily recognized by the peculiar form of the basal joint of the antenna and the course of the antero-latera] margin of the carapace. é 110 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 1, Key to the Indian species of Kuxanthus. 1. Lobules of carapace almost smooth; outer angle of orbit not marked by # denticle ......ccccceccesecesecoeens E. melissa, 2. Lobules of carapace rough; outer angle of orbit marked by @ denticle ...cceccc.secccceescoceees seeececes eo. E. sculptilis, 37. Huxanthus melissa, (Herbst). Cancer exsculptus, Herbst, Krabben, I. ii, 265, pl. xxi. fig. 121. Cancer melissa, Herbst, Krabben, III. ii. 7, pl. li. fle. 1. Euasaanthus melissa, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila, 1858, p. 33: A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus, I. 1865, p. 293: Targioni Tozzetti, Magenta Crust. p. 27, pl. iii. figs. 1-7: F. Muller, Verh. Ges. Basel, VIII. p. 474: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 359: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. VII. 1893-94, p. 466, pl. xvii. fig. 9. Cancer mamillatus, Miine Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 376. Melissa mamillata, Strahl, Archiv. fir Naturges. XX VII. 1861, i. p. 103. Euzanthus mamillatus, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 292, pl. xv. figs. 2-2b; and IX. 1873, p. 196: Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 48: de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., XXII. 1887-88, p. 30. Eusanthus nitidus, Dana, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1852, p. 75; U.S. Expl. Exp., Crust. pt. I. p. 174, pl. viii. figs. 9a-b. (young). ' Melissa nitida, Strahl, Archiv. fiir Naturges. XXVIT. 1861, i. p. 103. Cancer exsculptus, Hoffmann in Pollen and Van Dam, Faun. Madagasc. Crust, p- 38. ?Huxanthus exsculptus var. rugosus, Miers, Zool. H. M. 8S. Alert, pp. 517, 527 (? young.) The lobules of the carapace are extremely convex, and though some of them may be a little dimpled, especially in the young, they are commonly smooth. The antero-lateral borders are cut into five teeth, but there is often a tubercle—which may be incompletely double—between the 4th and Sth teeth ; between the 3rd and 5th teeth the margin is finely granular. The curve of the orbit is unbroken by any denticle at the outer angle, and is smooth, not granular. The outer surfaces of the wrist and hand, as of the corresponding joints of the legs, are nodular, the nodules and the hollows between them being smooth: on the lower outer surface of the hand are two longi- tudinal wrinkles which also have a smooth surface. The fingers have their surfaces smooth, and their cutting edges strongly toothed, with the tip distinctly hollowed out. Colours of good spirit specimens: stone grey or yellowish, with numerous tiny chocolate-brown or purplish specks, and some large blotches of the same colour on the gastric, hepatic and branchial regions. These markings have faded in spirit specimens that have been preserved 1898. ] A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 11} over ten years, Fingers blackish brown, this colouration extending along the lower border and inner surface of hand. In the Indian Museum are 17 specimens from the Andamans, Mergui, and Ceylon (besides a specimen from Samoa). 38. Huxanthus sculptilis, Dana. Euzanthus sculptilis, Dana, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1852, p. 75, and U.S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 173, pl. vii. figs. 8a-d: A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 291: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrbnch., Syst., VII.{1893-94, p, 466. Cancer huonii, Lucas in Jacquinot’s Voy. Astrolabe, Crust. p. 16, pl. iv. fig. 1. Eucanthus huonit, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, p. 290, pl. xv. figs. 1-lc: Hasweil, Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 47: Miers, Zool. H. M.S. Alert, pp. 182, 204: de Man, Archiv. fiir Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. p. 263. Lobules of carapace moderately convex, their surface so much wrinkled aud dented transversely as to give them an almost scaly look. Antero-lateral borders cut into six teeth, the edge between all the teeth being granular. The orbital margin is granular, and there is a denticle to mark the outer angle of the orbit, The nodules of the wrists and hands—and, to a less strongly marked extent, those of the corresponding joints of the legs—are granular, as are the hollows between the nodules; and the two wrinkles along the lower outer surface of the hand are granular. The fingers resemble those of H. melissa, except that their surfaces are strongly granular. Colours of well-preserved spirit specimens : yellowish with purplish spots and blotches, many of which are confluent; fingers and hand coloured as in H. melissa. In the Indian Museum are 3 specimens from Persian Gulf and Andamans, (besides one from Samoa). Hypocauvs, Heller. Hypocelus, Heller, Abh. zool-bot. Ges. Wien, 1861, p. 7; and SB. AK. Wien, XLIII. 1861, p. 319. Hypocelus, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865. p. 295, Differs from Hu«anthus chiefly in having a large oval or reniform cavity excavated in either pterygostomian region. It is not represented in the Indian Museum. 39. Hypocelus rugosus, Henderson. Hypocelus rugosus, Henderson, Trang. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 358, pl. xxxvi. figs. 9-11. 112 A. Aleock—Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 1, Alliance IV. Xanthoida. Xantho. Etisus. Orphnoxanthus. Leptodius. Ktisodes. Medzeus. Cycloxanthus. Hoploxanthus. XAntTHO, Leach. Xantho, Leach, Malac. Pod. Britt. pl. xi and text, 1815; and Trans. Linn. Soc, XI. 1815, p. 820. Xantho, Desmarest, Consid. Gen. Crust., p. 104. Xantho, (part) and Eudora (part), De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. pp. 18 and 22. Xantho, (part) Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 887. Xantho, (part) Dana, U. 8S, Expl., Exp., Crust. pt. I. p. 166. Xantho, A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., (4) XX. 1863, pp. 275 and 294 and Miss. Sci. Mex., Crust. p. 251. Xantho, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 124. [Type XanrHo Fioripus, Leach. ] Carapace broad, moderately convex anteriorly, flat in the posterior half; the regions generally well delimited and fairly well lobulated in the anterior two-thirds, but not posteriorly. Antero-lateral borders arched, usually cut into four teeth or lobes: postero-lateral borders moderately convergent, not concave. Extent of fronto-orbital border half, or less than half, the greatest width of the carapace: front about a fourth the greatest breadth of the carapace. | Front little deflexed, rather prominent, usually sublaminar, notched in the middle line, usually separated from the supra-orbital margin by a notch or groove. Orbital margin with two (often indistinct) suture lines above and one (more distinct) just below the outer angle: usually ‘a prominent tooth at the inner angle of the lower edge of the orbit, Eyes on short thick stalks. Basal antennal joint short, meeting the front at the inner angle: the flagellum, which is about as long as the orbit, lodged in the orbital hiatus. Anterior edge of merus of external maxillipeds nearly transverse, with commonly a small tooth near the antero-internal angle. Chelipeds either unequal in both sexes, or less commonly equal in both sexes (Xantho impressus, Xantho scaberrimus); fingers pointed. Legs subcylindrical, with the upper edges often sharp (crested in Xantho scaberrimus.) 1898. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 113 Abdomen of male five-jointed, the 3rd—5th somites fused; (in X. wmpressus the sutures are so distinct that the abdomen may appear 7-jointed), | Key to the Indian species of the Genus Xantho. I. Chelipeds equal, or almost equal, in both sexes :— i. Legs crested, the crest sharp, or serrate, or crenate: length of carapace a good deal more than two-thirds the greatest breadth : lobules of carapace covered with convex subsquamiform tubercles .........-0000. seerereee Xantho (Lophowanthus) scaberrimus. F ii. Legs thick, sub-cylindrical, length of carapace less than two-thirds the greatest breadth: lobules of carapace Smooth ........s000c0e. Xantho (Eudora) im- pressus, 1I. Chelipeds unequal in both sexes: length of carapace two-thirds, or a little more than two-thirds, the greatest breadth: the'legs may have sharp, but never distinctly crested edges :— i. First two teeth of the antero-lateral margin faint, obsolescent ; carapace and chelipeds smooth (non-granular)..,........0..06 Shaloecdueney’ Xantho bidentatus. ii. Hither the last three, or all four, teeth of the antero-lateral margin distinct; a large part of the carapace and of the exposed surfaces of the chelipeds wrinkled and STANDIAL .....ccerecsessesserteecscevsceecerccesssessces Aantho distinguendus, 40. Xantho distinguendus, De Haan. Cancer (Xantho) distinguendus, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust, p. 48, pl. xiii. fig. 7: Heller, SB. Ak. Wien, XLIII. 1861, p. 323. Chlorodius distinguendus, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 34. Xantho macgillivrayi, Miers, Zool. H. M.S. Alert, pp. 183, 211, pl. xx. fig. c. Lophozozymus (Lophoranthus) bellus, var. leucomanus, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 115, pl. xi. fig. 1. Medzus distinguendus, de Man, Journ, Linn. Soc., Zool., XXII. 1887-88, p. 31: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 359. Regions of carapace well delimited, fairly well divided into lobules : the anterior and lateral parts of the carapace are covered with granular transverse wrinkles which have almost a scaly look. Front cleft into two rather prominent, square-cut, sub-laminar lobes. Antero-lateral margin cut into four sharply granular teeth, ‘which may be all sharply acuminate, or the first may sometimes be rather indistinct. ' i, LS L14 A. Alcock — Carecinological Fauna of India. [No. 1, The under surface of the carapace, below and external to the orbit, is, like the first lobe of the antero-lateral margin, eroded and granular Chelipeds unequal in both sexes: upper part of the outer surface of arm with some fine transverse granular wrinkles; upper and outer surface of wrist and hand closely granular, the wrist and the upper part of the hand being also eroded or pitted, most usually in a peculiar honey-comb. fashion ; fingers stout, fluted. Legs rather thin: upper edge of merus sharp (almost subcristi- form), often finely granular: carpus and propodite usually grooved and ridged longitudinally (the propodite most distinctly so, and on both surfaces): dactylus covered with close short fur. The sculpture of the carpus and propodite, as of the chelipeds, is variable, even in specimens from the same locality. Abdomen of male 5-jointed, the sutures between the 3rd—5th somites nearly or quite obliterated. Colours in spirit : light yellow, fingers blackish brown with whitish tips. In the Indian Museum besides specimens from Hongkong, there are 16 specimens from Mergui, Persian Gulf, and Karachi. Fourteen little specimens from the Malabar Coast, 28 fms,, are also probably referable to this species. Tf this species is to be removed to Medseus on account of the erosion and consequent indefiniteness of the orbital end of the antero-lateral margin, Xantho floridus and more certainly Xantho tuberculatus must share the same fate, and Medzxus must then be absorbed in Xantho. 41. Xantho bidentatus, A. Milne Edwards. Xantho bidentatus, A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4) VII. 1867, p. 266: Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 126, pl. xi. fig. 4: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst., VLI. 1893-94, pp. 44.4, 449. Surface of carapace and appendages smooth (non- -granular) : gastric region well defined by fine shallow grooves, and very faintly Jobulated: branchial regions imperfectly separated from the hepatic regions and very faintly and imperfectly areolated. Of the four lobes of the antero-lateral margin the first two are faint, broadly-rounded and coalescent, and the last two possess a small acumination. Front prominent, notched in the middle line, to form two lobes, which have the edge a little concave and the outer angle well pronounced, Under surface of carapace smooth to naked eye: the side wall. above the articulations of the legs hairy. ’ oe Poe 1898. } A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 115 Chelipeds unequal in both sexes, smooth like the legs. Abdomen of male five-jointed. Colours in spirit : dull yellowish brown, fingers almost black. In the Indian Museum are four specimens from the Andamans. 42. Xantho impressus, (Lamk.) Edw. Cancer impressus, Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans. Vertebr. V. 272. Xantho impressus, Milne Wdwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 393: A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IX. 1873, p. 198, pl. vi. fig. 2: F. Muller, Verh. Ges. Basel VIII. 1886, p. 474: de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool, XXII. 1887-88, p. 30: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 359: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst. VII. 1893-94, pp. 444, 449. Eudora impressa, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust., p. 28: A. Milne Edwards in Maillard’s Vile Réunion, Annexe F. p. 4: Richters in Mébius Meeresf. Maurit. p. 146, pl. xv. figs. 15, 16. Carapace very short and broad, little convex in the anterior half, quite flat in the posterior half. Gastric and cardiac regions separated from the wings of the cara- pace by very broad and deep furrows, the wings of the carapace being thrown into massive smooth lobules by furrows not quite so deep, but the gastric region being slightly and imperfectly areolate except quite anteriorly. Front somewhat declivous, bilobed, not laminar. The four lobes of the antero-lateral margin are thickened and blunt, the first lobe leing on a level lower than that of the orbit. Close in front of the thickened posterior border is a smooth transverse wrinkle. The tooth and notch at the antero-internal angle of the merus of the external maxillipeds are very distinct. Chelipeds equal in both sexes: outer surface of arm with a groove following the contour of the distal border; outer surface of wrist with a faintish Y-shaped dimple, and a strong double-crowned tubercle at the inner angle of the wrist ; upper surface of hand with an incomplete, longitudinal, pitted furrow; fingers with cutting-edge coarsely crenu- late. Legs thick, subcylindrical, smooth ; both edges of the dactylopodites covered with thick short fur. | Abdomen of male 5-jointed, with the sutures between the 3rd—5th joints persistent. Colours in spirit: waxy white, fingers blackish brown. The whole animal has a smooth waxy look. In the Indian Museum are two specimens, from Mergui and the Andamans (besides three from Mauritius. ) This is a curious form, connecting Xantho with several other genera. 116 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No }, Sub-genus LopHoxantuus, A. Milne Edwards, Lophowanthus, A. Milne Edwards, Miss. Sci. Mex. Crust. p. 256. Difters from typical Xantho (Xantho floridus etc.) chiefly in having at least the upper edge of the legs distinctly crested: the carapace, moreover, is longer and narrower. 43. Xantho (Lophoxanthus) scaberrimus, Walker. Xantho seaberrimus, A. O. Walker. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., XX. 1886-90, pp. 109, 115, pl. vii. figs, 1-4. Carapace about % as long as broad, moderately convex im the anterior two-thirds ; regions and subregions strongly defined by broad deep smooth channels, convex, and covered with smooth well-defined tubercles that are pea-like in the posterior third, somewhat scale-like in the anterior two-thirds, and pointed along the antero-lateral border. Fronto-orbital border less than half the width of the carapace : front two-lobed, the lobes having an oblique and slightly concave margin and a well-defined external angle. Antero-lateral border four-lobed, the first lobe blunt and non- prominent, the other three prominent and acuminate, all four with the edges serrulate. Postero-lateral margin not concave, granular ; posterior margin beaded. The whole under surface of the carapace, and the surfaces of the external maxillipeds, male sternum and male abdomen, are closely covered with large granules, Chelipeds equal, uniformly closely covered (except upper. surface of arm and inner and outer surfaces of fingers) with sharpish tubercles, which are largest on the hand, where they fall into raised longitudinal parallel series, most marked on the lower part of the outer surface : fingers fluted in continuation of the ridges on the hand, the ridges of the dactylus being rough in their basal part. Two tubercles, the anterior of which is the larger, at the inner angle of the wrist: and two some- what foliaceous excrescences terminating the crest-like upper edge of the arm. First three pairs of legs with the edges of the merus (but especi- ally the upper edge) sharply crested, the upper edge of the carpus and propodite strongly serrated, and the dorsal surface of the carpus and propodite furnished with squamiform granules in series parallel with this serrated crest. The last pair of legs resembles the others, except that the crest of the merus is serrated, and the dorsal surface of the merus is granular. Colours in spirit uniform ashy white. 1898. | A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India: 117 In the Indian Museum besides a specimen from Japan is one from off the Orissa coast, 11 fms. Xantho (Lophoawanthus) scaberrimus var. baccalipes. Differs from the type in the following particulars :— (1) the characteristic tubercles have everywhere a worn appear- ance, especially in the middle of the carapace and on the chelipeds and the ischium of the external maxillipeds: (2) the dorsal crest of the arm and of the meropodites of the legs have each become a row of berry-like teeth, and the serrated crest and granular ridges of the | carpopodites and propodites of the legs have become merely low rough elevations, In the Indian Museum are three large males from Ceylon: the largest has the carapace 47 millim. long and 6] millim. broad. Xantho (Lophoranthus) scaberrimus var. cultripes. Differs from the type in the following particulars :— (1) the characteristic tubercles are still more “ worn,’’ especially on the mesogastrium, and near the inner angle of the wrist, and near the base of the thumb, where they are almost worn away : (2) the dorsal crest of the arm (with its foliaceous terminal lobes), and the crests of the merus carpus and propodite in all the legs, are greatly developed sharp and entire, and tlie raised rows of granules ou the dorsal surfaces of the leg joints have almost disappeared. In the Indian Museum is a single male from Singapore, with a carapace 50 millim. long and 64 broad. ’ Sub-genus Lepropius, A. Milne Edwards. Leptodius, A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., (4) XX. 1863, p. 284: Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IX. 1873, p. 221: Miss. Sci. Mex., Crust. p. 267, wba synon. Leptodius, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 136. Leptodius (e.g. Leptodius exaratus) resembles Xantho (e.g. Xantho floridunus) in general form and proportions, but differs most conspicu- ously in having the fingers hollowed out “‘en cuillére” at tip. But this divergence is almost bridged by Leptodius crassimanus, in which the spooning of the fingers is indistinct. Leptodius further differs from the type of Xantho (1) in the greater convergence of the postero-lateral borders, (2) in the often— but not always—more than four-lobed antero-lateral border, and (3) in the often more extensive contact of the basal antennal joint with the front. 118 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [ No. 1, Key to the Indian species of the sub-genus Leptodius. I. Carpus (and sometimes the propodite also) of the four last pairs of legs strongly bicarinate dorsally —the crests enclosing a trough-like cavity .........ccecseceerreee DL. cavipes. II. Carpusand propodite of last four pairs of legs te — i. Four teeth (exclusive of the orbital angle) on the antero-lateral border: postero-lateral border not or hardly shorter than the chord of the antero-lateral border ...5..4 dees LV ddesscseess cee) MUP eRRUIEEE ii. More than four teeth on the antero-lateral border: postero-lateral border distinctly shorter than the chord of the antero-lateral border :— 1, Front bilaminar, the lobes having a slight- ly concave edge: 5 teeth on the antero- lateral margin 4.2 ...000¢s eveoeeee DL. sanguineus. 2. Front bilaminar, the labiis sO eilebiole con- cave as to make the front almost quadri- dentate :— a. “Five teeth on the antero-lateral margin: finger-tips often rather in- distinctly hollowed out :— a. Carapace cut up into numer- ous strongly convex lobules: upper surface of wrist and hand strongly and sharply rugose and nodular,,,............ L. euglyptus. B. Lobules of carapace not very numerous, not very convex, smooth: upper surface of wrist and hand somewhat rough ... JL. crassimanus. b. Eight to ten irregular teeth on the antero-lateral margin .......see00...008 DL. nudipes. 44. Xantho (Leptodius) exaratus (Hdw.) A. M. Edw. Chlorodius eraratus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 402; and in Cuvier Réune An. Crust. pl. xi. fig. 3: Dana, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1852, p. 79; and U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 208: Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philrd. 1858, p. 34. Leptodius ewaratus, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IV. 1868, p. 71; and IX. 1873, p. 222: Kossmann, Reise roth. Meer. Crust. p. 32, pl. i. fig. 1-6: Hilgendorf MB. Ak. Berl. 1878, p. 790: Richters in Mobius Meeresf. Maurit. p. 148: Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 60: Miers, Zool. H. M.S. Alert, pp. 183 and 214: de Man, Archiv. f. Naturges. LII1. 1887, i. p. 285, and Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., XXII. 1887-88, p. 33; and in |Weber’s Zool. Ergebn. Niederl. Ost. Ind. II. 1892 p. 278, and Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VIII. 1894-95, p. 521: Gano, Boll. Soc. Nat. Napoli, III. 1889, p. 202: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 362; Whitelegge, Mem. Austral. Mus. 111. 1897, p. 137. 1898.] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 119 Xantho afinis, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p, 48, pl. xiii. fig. 8: Krauss, Sudafr. Crust. p. 30. Xantho lividus, De Haan, 0.c,, l.c. fig. 6: Miers, Zool. H. M. 8. Alert, pp. 183, 214. Cancer inequalis, Audonin and Savigny Descr. Egypte pl. v. fig. 7 (fide A. M. E.) Xantho ezaratus var. typica, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VII. 1893-94, p. 445: and in Semon’s Forschungsr. (Jen. Denk. VIII) Crust. p. 50, Carapace moderately broad, moderately convex in the anterior two- thirds, nearly flat in the posterior third, where also it is not areolated. Gastric region well-defined, convex, fairly well areolated anteriorly, the wings of the carapace on either side of it divided into about 5 low lobules, three of which follow the contour of the antero-lateral border. The surface of the carapace is non-granular, except sometimes in the young. Front not very prominent, but projecting beyond the inner angle of the orbit, from which it is separated by a notch; bilaminar, the lobes cut square, but with a slightly concave margin. Antero-lateral border cut into 4 acuminate teeth, not including the outer angle of the orbit, or a small denticle below it. Postero-lateral border equal in length to the chord of the antero-lateral border. Side wall of carapace, edges of upper surface of arm, and edges of legs—but especially the upper edge of the meropodites— with a good deal of hair. Chelipeds unequal in both sexes. Upper and outer surface of wrist more or less dimpled or wrinkled; a strong tubercle at inner an gle of wrist. Hands usually smooth, but the upper surface has, very com- monly, some low fine transverse or reticulating wrinkles. Fingers large, thick, more or less fluted, not strongly toothed, meeting at tip only (in the adult) where they are broadened and hollowed out. Legs with merus subcylindrical and smooth, carpus and propus nearly smooth and sometimes very faintly grooved, dactylus granular and furred along both edges as far as the claw. Abdomen of male five-jointed. Colours in spirit: dirty yellow or dirty green, sometimes mottled; fingers black. In the Indian Museum are more than 130 specimens, chiefly from the Andamans, Mergui, Karachi, also from the Persian Gulf, Bombay, Ceylon, Akyab and Penang. 45, Xantho (Leptodius) sanguineus (Hdw.) A. M. Edw. Chlorodius sanguineus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 402: Dana Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1852, p. 79, and U. 8. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 207, pl. xi. figs. lla—d: Heller, Novara Crust. p. 18: Strects, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. VII. 1877. p- 108. 120 A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 1; Leptodius sanguineus, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus, IV. 1868, p. 7], and IX. 1873, p. 224: Richters in Mobius, Meeresf. Maurit. p. 147: Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 60: F. Muller, Verh. Ges. Basel, VIII. 1886, p. 474: de Man, Zool. Jahvb., Syst. VIII. 1894-95, p. 521: Whitelegge, Mem. Anstral, Mus, III. 1897, p. 137. Leptodius exaratus, var. sanguineus, Miers, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 184; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) V. 1880, p. 234; Challenger Brachyura, p. 138: Cano, Boll. Soc. Nat Napoli, TIT. 1889, p. 203. Lagostoma nodosa, Randall, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1839, p. 111. Chlorodius nodosus, Dana, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1852, p. 79, and U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 210, pl. xi. figs. l4a—g. Chlorodius edwardsi, Heller, Abh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 1861, p. 10, and SB. Ak. Wien XLIII. 1861, i. p. 336: Hilgendorf in v. d. Decken’s Reis. Ost. Afr. III, i. p. 74. Xantho exaratus var. sanguinea, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. VII. 1893-94, p. 447. Differs from Xantho (Leptodius) exaratus in the following particu- lars :— (1) the carapace is more convex anteriorly, and the branchial lobules also are more convex : (2) there are five teeth on the antero-lateral margin, not includ- ing the external orbital angle and a small denticle below it: (3) the postero-lateral border is a good deal shorter than the chord of the antero-lateral border : (4) the front is distinctly narrower. In the Indian Museum are 123 specimens chiefly from the Andamans and Laccadives, also from the Nicobars, Ceylon, and Persian Gulf. 46. Xantho (Leptodius) crassimanus, A. M. Edw. Xantho crassimanus, A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4) VII. 1867 p. 267. Leptodius crassimanus, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IX. 1873, p- 226, pl. xi. fig. 4: Haswell. Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 61: Muller, Verh. Ges. Basel, VIII. 1886, p. 474: de Man. Archiv. fiir Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. p. 287, and Notes Leyden Mus. XV. 1893, p. 284, and Zool. Jahrb., Syst. VIII. 1894-95, p. 522. Xantho exaratus var. crassimana, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. VIL. 1893-94, p. 448. Differs from both exaratus and sanguineus in the following particu- lars :— (1) the two lobes of the front have the free edge not merely emarginate, but deeply concave, so that the front appears to be formed of four little teeth : (2) the carapace, anteriorly, is much more convex, the regions are more convex and their areole are more convex : (3) the fingers are not so broad at tip and not so sharply hollowett . out : 1898. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 121 (4) the upper surface of the wrist and hand is more rugose, It resembles sanguineus in having 5 teeth on the antero-lateral margin, but differs from it further in having (5) the front even narrower, it being less than one-fifth the breadth of the carapace. It can at once be distinguished by the very narrow quadridentate front. In the Indian Museum are 22 specimens, from the Andamans, Karachi, Galle (and Australia). 47. Xantho (Leptodius) nudipes (Dana), A. M. Edw. Chlorodius nudipes, Dana, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1852, p. 79, and U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 209, pl. xi. figs. 12a-c. Leptodius nudipes, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IX. 1873, p, 225: Miers, Cat. Crust. New Zealand, p. 17: Filhol, Crust. New Zealand, p. 374: de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., XXII. 1887-88, p. 33, and Zool. Jahrb. Syst. 1894-95, p. 523. Xantho exaratus var. nudipes, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. VII. 1893-94, p. 447. The whole surface of the carapace is very finely pitted or granular. The antero-lateral border is divided into four acute lobes or teeth, but each of the first three teeth have, at base, either one or two (one on either side) small additional cusps, and the fourth tooth is generally double, so that altogether there are from 8 to 11 teeth on the antero- lateral margin. The fingers are broad and deeply hollowed at tip. The upper surface of hand and wrist is granular and rugose. The lobes of the front are deeply concave. In the convexity of the carapace and of its regions and subregions it resembles sanguineus ; but the front is much broader than in sanguineus, being more than one-fourth the breadth of the carapace, and the fingers are typical spoons. In the Indian Museum are 17 specimens from the Andamans and 3 from Mergui. 48. Xantho (Leptodius) euglyptus, n. sp. Form of carapace much resembling that of sanguineus, but much more convex. Carapace 3 as long as broad, rather strongly convex in its anterior two-thirds, flat posteriorly: its regions well delimited, convex, and as completely areolated as any Actz#a—the areole being strongly convex and somewhat pitted transversely. Front projecting beyond the orbit, from which it is separated by a notch, cut into two lobes of which the outer angle is prominent much as in crassimanus ; its breadth is not quite a third that of the carapace. J u. 16 122 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 1, Antero-lateral border cut into five conical teeth between which are v-anules or little denticles ; postero-lateral borders strongly convergent, shorter than chords of antero-lateral borders. Chelipeds unequal: upper and outer surfaces of wrist strongly wrinkled and pitted ; upper surface of hand nodular, upper half or more of outer surface of hand longitudinally ridged and transversely wrin- kled: fingers short, stout, hollowed (but not broadened) at tip. Legs with carpus and propodite longitudinally ridged and grooved above —the carpus more distinctly so—and dactylus furred. . Sidewall of carapace, edges of upper surface of arm, and edges of legs — but especially upper edge of meropodites — hairy. Colours in spirit: yellow, fingers and front lower corner of hand blackish brown. Length of carapace 10°5 millim., breadth 16 millim. In the Indian Museum are 45 specimens from Galle and 1 from Mergui (Marine Survey). This species, though strongly resembling mudipes and crassimanus, is at once recognized by the sharp-cut Actzea-like sculpture of the cara- pace. It is possible that it may be the Chlorodius eudorus of Milne Edwards. It has the closest possible resemblance to the Xantho quin- quedentatus of Krauss, Sudafr. Crust. p. 30, pl. i. fig. 3, but that species is described and figured as having sharp fingers. 49. Xantho (Leptodius) cavipes (Dana). Chlorodius cavipes, Dana, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1852, p. 79; and U.S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 212, pl. xii. figs. la-b: Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 34. | Leptodius cavipes, de Man, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., XXII. 1887-88, p. 34. Carapace convex in anterior two-thirds, flat behind. Gastric region convex, well delimited and areolated by fine smooth rather deep channels ; wings of carapace divided into about five lobules by less deep- cut and less smooth channels: the whole carapace (except the channels) covered with miliary granules, which on the lateral lobes of the gastric region are arranged in lines that have an imbricate look. Front bilaminar, the fore edge of the lobes thickened and granular. Antero-lateral border thickened and granular, cut into small irregular teeth — 8 or 9 in number — which fall into 4 sets. Undersurface of carapace with short fur. Chelipeds unequal: upper and outer surface of wrist»and hand wrinkled and granular, outer surface of hand covered with granules in more or less distinct lines : fingers little toothed, incurved, blunt-pointed and hollowed (but not broadened) at tip. 1898. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. Vee Legs rough, but not very hairy: upper edge of meropodites finely serrated, distally sharply notched: wpper surface of carpopodites wilh two high longitudinal crests enclosing a trough-like space; the propodites are similarly sculptured, but the sculpture is a good deal concealed by fur : dactyli furred. Colours in spirit: dirty yellow or dirty greenish, fingers nearly black in distal ? only. In the Indian Museum are 4 specimens, from the Andamans, Mergui and Ceylon. Mepaus, Dana. Medzus, Dana, Silliman’s Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, (2) XII. 1851, p. 1253 Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Philad. 1852, p. 76; U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 181. Medzus, A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. (4) XX. 1863, p. 279; Miss. Sci. Mex. Crust. p. 249. Medzus, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 116. Carapace not very broad, hexagonal, little convex, the regions well defined and well areolated. Antero-lateral borders cut into teeth and very distinctly continued beneath the orbits to the angles of the buccal cavern. Fronto-orbital border half, or a little more than half, the greatest breadth of the carapace. Front about a fourth, or a little more, the greatest breadth of the carapace, horizontal, rather prominent, square-cut, notched in the middle line, separated from the supra-orbital margin by a notch. Orbits, eyes, basal antennal joint and antennary flagellum as in Xantho. Chelipeds either unequal or subequal, the wrists and hands com- monly covered with large nodules, the fingers pointed. The abdomen of the male consists of five pieces, the 3rd—5th somites being fused. Medzus closely resembles Xantho, but is distinguished by the narrower carapace and by the relations of the antero-lateral border. In some species of Xantho (e.g., X. distinguendus) the antero-lateral border is broken and eroded near the orbit, so that it may be imagined to be continued to the angle of the buccal cavern, but in Medzus there is no ambiguity whatever. 50. Medeus nodosus, A. M. Edw. Medzus nodosus, A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, (4) VII. 1867, p- 271; Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IX. 1873, p. 212, pl. viii. fig. 2: Haswell, Cat. Austral, Crust. p. 52. x Carapace shaped much as in Polycremnus, hexagonal, more than 124 A. Alcock— Careinological Fauna of India. [ No. I, as long as broad, the regions well demarcated, well areolated, finely and closely granular. Front horizontal, square-cut, prominent, sublaminar, notched and grooved in the middle line. Antero-lateral borders cut into four blunt-pointed rather coarse granular teeth, of which the two posterior are the strongest. Chelipeds subequal: wrist and hand covered with granular fungi- form tubercles, which are arranged in regular longitudinal series on the hand. Upper border of meropodites of legs without spinules. In the Indian Museum is a single small male from off the Ganjam coast, 73-93 fms. Henderson (Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) V. 1893, p. 860) appears to consi- der this species to belong to the genus Halimede, but it has not —if my identification be correct—the curious male abdomen which distinguishes that genus from every other Xanthoid except Polycremnus, Cyctoxantuus, A. Milne Edwards. Cycloranthus, A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (4) XX. 1863, p. 278; Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IX. 1873, p. 209; Miss. Sci. Mex., Crust. p. 258. Carapace relatively long: front horizontal, prominent, and divided by a median fissure into two lamellar lobes, and separated from the » internal orbital angles by a deepish notch. Orbits small: two fissures in the supra-orbital margin: external orbital angles inconspicuous, continuous with the antero-lateral borders. Antero-lateral borders very long, strongly curved, extending far backwards. Basal antennal joint short, but touching the front at its inner angle: the flagellum inserted in the orbital hiatus. Merus of the external maxillipeds subquadrilateral. The abdomen of the male consists of five movable pieces. This genus is not represented in the Indian Museum, 51. Cyeloranthus lineatus, A. Milne Edwards. Cyclowanthus lineatus, A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, (4) VIF. 1867, p. 269, and Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IX. 1873, p. 209, pl. vi. fig. 5: Miers, Zool. H. M.S. Alert, pp. 183, 212: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soe., Zool., (2) V. 1893,. p. 360. _ Carapace broad, very depressed, smooth; the regions little defined ; antero-lateral borders prolonged far backwards and obscurely divided into four deutiform lobes. 1898.] - A. Alcock —Carcinological Fauna of India. 125 Outer orbital angle inconspicuous, orbits small, the upper margin with a narrow cleft. Front very prominent, lamellar, a little sinuous at the sides, pro- minent towards the middle where there is a linear fissure. Chelipeds unequal: the hand has the inner surface flattened, the upper border obtusely crested, and the outer surface rugose: the wrist, which has its outer border much dilated, is equally rugose. The legs are weak and smcoth, the dactylus being a little com- pressed. Carapace yellowish, very symmetrically marked with numerous reddish-brown lines, some of which run obliquely from the antero- lateral borders towards the front and towards the middle line, while others run from the posterior border forwards to the cardiac region. There are no specimens in the Indian Museum collection. HoPLoxaNTHUs, 0. gen. Carapace hexagonal, moderately broad, moderately convex fore and aft, its regions all well defined, and to a certain extent subdivided. The antero-lateral borders are thin and erest-like and are ona much lower plane than the rest of the carapace, they end either in both sexes or in the female only, in a large horizontal lateral epibranchial spine, and may either be cut into large triangular teeth or may be only obscurely notched. Postero-lateral borders straight, moderately convergent, about as long as the antero-lateral. Front lamellar, prominent, horizontal, notched in the middle line, about a fourth to two-sevenths the greatest breadth of the carapace. Orbital margin with two faintish notches or suture lines above, and with a small triangular gap just below the outer angle: the inner angle of the lower orbital margin forms a strongly-projecting tooth: the outer -orbital angle is confluent with the antero-lateral margin. The antennules fold obliquely. The basal antennal joint is rather slender and meets the front: the flagellum, which is about as long as the major diameter of the orbit, is lodged in the orbital hiatus. The anterior edge of the external maxillipeds is almost transverse. Chelipeds unequal, fingers sharp pointed : legs rather slender. No ridges, defining the efferent branchial channels, on the plate. The abdomen of the male consists of seven separate segments, the last segment being no longer than the longest of the others. This genus is closely allied to Xantho and Cyclozanthus, it is also related not distantly to Halimede and to Lophozozymus. 126 A. Alcock — Oarcinological Fauna of India. [No. l, 52. Hoploxanthus heatit, n. sp. The whole of the carapace, legs, and outer surface of chelipeds is covered with a dense, darkish, extremely short, velvety or branny pubescence. Carapace hexagonal, moderately broad, moderately convex, the regions well defined, tumid, their convexities granular. Front prominent beyond the orbits and separated from them by a notch, square-cut, bilaminar. Antero-lateral border thin sharp, cut into four triangular laciniate teeth, the last of which—in the female but not in the male—is an acute salient spine. The edges of all the teeth, of the front, and of the orbit are finely granular. The postero-lateral border is elegantly granular and quite straight: dorsal to it the wall of the carapace forms a distinct postero- -lateral facet, sharply marked off from the general surface of the carapace. Chelipeds a little unequal in both sexes: wrist with a small some- what cristiform expansion at the outer angle and a tooth at the inner angle: upper surface of hand with two or three longitudinal raised sculptured lines, the innermost of which consists of a blunt cristiform lobule followed by one or two blunt denticles, the outer one or two being simply crenulate and granular; the outer surface of the smaller hand is everywhere granular, that of the larger hand is granular in part—in both cases some of the granules form slightly-raised longi- tudinal lines. Legs long, slender. Colours in spirit yellowish brown. Carapace of male 10 millim. long, 13 millim. broad; of female, 11] millim. long, 17 millim. broad. In the Indian Museum are 3 specimens from the east coast of India and 2 from the Nicobars. 53. Hoploxanthus cultripes, n. Sp. Carapace hexagonal : the three gastric subregions (lateral and post- medial), the cardiac region, and two (smaller) median epibranchial regions stand out as very prominent granular bosses, and the convexity of the lateral epibranchial spine, and the postero-lateral border» and_ its neighbourhood are granular, —otherwise the carapace is quite smooth. Front prominent, sublaminar, with a curved convex finely granular edge, faintly notched ir the middle line and hardly separated from the supra-orbital angles. 1898. ] A. Aleock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 127 Antero-lateral borders very thin and sharp, obscurely divided by faint notches and fainter grooves into 3 broad inconspicuous lobes, and ending in a strong horizontal pyramidal lateral epibranchial spine. The chelipeds in the unique specimen are lost; but the legs are remarkable in having the upper edge of the merus and carpus sharply carinate, the carpal joints having a second blunter and lower keel along the dorsal surface. The legs and the undersurface of the body are covered with the same dense extremely short pubescence as occurs in H. heextit. The single imperfect male in the Indian Museum comes from Karachi, and is 9 millim. long and 13 millim. broad, ORPHNOXANTHUS, n. yen. Carapace, owing to the inflation of the branchial regions almost quadrilateral in outline and almost concave from side to side, but very decidedly convex fore and aft, broad, the regions well defined but not to any great extent areolated. Fronto-orbital border a little more than half the greatest breadth of the carapace in extent. Front about a third the greatest width of the carapace, lamellar, projecting horizontally beyond the orbits, broadly and faintly bilobed. Orbital margin entire: orbits and eyes small. Antero-lateral border cut into four teeth; postero-lateral borders convergent only in the posterior half; posterior border long. The antennules fold almost transversely. The basal antennal joint is very short and only just touches the turned down edge of the front; the flagellum which is very long (between 2 and 3 times the length of the orbit) is lodged in the narrow orbital hiatus. Owing to the bulge of the outer wall of the efferent branchial canal and the consequent puffing out of the pterygostomian regions, the front edge of the merus of the external maxillipeds is quite transverse or even slightly oblique from without inwards. _ | The chelipeds are massive and unequal; the fingers are compressed aud pointed, The legs are very slender... | The abdomen of the male consists of 5 segments, the 3rd-5th somites being fused. Owing to the inflation of the pterygostomian regions the efferent branchial channels are permanently open, but the low crests that define them are confined to the posterior part of the endostome. This genus appears to represent one of the links between Galene and Xantho. ‘The single known species comes from the Bay of Bengal, 105- 350 fms. 128 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [ No. 1, 54. Orphnowanthus microps, Alcock and Anderson, Xanthodes microps, Alcock and Anderson, J. A. 8. B. LXIII. pt. 2, 1894, p, 183. Carapace about § as long as broad, almost quadrilateral in outline, strongly convex fore and aft, but, owing to the inflation of the branchial regions, a little concave from side to side; it is rather closely covered with a very fine short fur, beneath which the surface may be granular or nearly smooth, but the margins are always granular. The regions are all well defined and are slightly tumid: the gastric region is divided | into 3 gently tumid subregions, the branchio-hepatic regions are sub- divided transversely into three areas, and the fronto-orbital margin is also marked off. The antero-lateral border is thin and sharp and is cut into four sharp finely granular teeth, the first of which runs by a long nearly transverse margin, into the (undefined) angle of the orbit. The front is laminar and projects beyond the supra-orbital margin; it is square-cut and is slightly notched in the middle line, so as to form two broad shallow lobes. The eyes are small and are to a variable extent deficient in pigment. The chelipeds are unequal—very much more so in the male than in the female: the arm to a variable extent, the entire surface of the wrist, and the upper border of the hand are scabrous and more or less hairy; the other surfaces of the hand may be smooth and polished, or the outer surface may be to a variable extent granular: the fingers are large, compressed and pointed. In the male the larger cheliped is about 25 times the length of the carapace (the hand and fingers forming slightly more than half the length) and nearly half the arm projects beyond the carapace in repose. The legs are long slender and finely and sparsely hairy: the upper edge of the meropodites is scabrous or closely spinulate. Colours in spirit; chestnut brown with blackish fingers. Length of carapace (average) 11 millim., breadth 15 to 16 millim. In the Indian Museum are 29 specimens from the Bay of Bengal, 105-350 fms. ) , Etisus, Milne Edwards. Etisus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 410. Etisus, Dana, Silliman’s Amer. Journ. Sci. and Art. (2) XII. 1851, p. 126; and U.S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 183. Etisus, A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., (4) XX. 1863, p. 291; and Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IX. 1873, p. 233. Etisus, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 131. Carapace broad, moderately convex in both directions, with the -1898.] way: Alcock — Oarcinological Fauna of India. 129 regions delimited by broad shallow rather indistinct depressions and having a slightly uneven but not definitely lobulated surface. | The front is laminar and narrow ; it projects well beyond the supra- orbital border from which it is separated by a deep notch, and is split by a suture in the middle line. The orbital margin is broken by three sutures or actual fissures, and the tooth at the inner angle of the lower border is very prominent. The antero-lateral borders, which are a good deal longer than the postero-lateral, are cut into from 4 to 8 lobes or procurved spines. ) The basal antennal joint has its outer angle produced and tightly wedged into the internal orbital gap, which it fills; but the flagellum, which is of good length, does not arise within the orbit but at the base of this process. ) The outer border of the merus of the external maxillipeds is oblique. The chelipeds, which are very massive and rather long, are a little unequal in the male: the fingers are very stout and strongly arched, and they meet only at the tip, which is broad expanded and hollowed out almost like a horse’s hoof. The abdomen of the male is five-jointed, the 8rd—-5th somites being fused. Key to the Indian species of Ktisus. I. More than four teeth on the antero-lateral border, exclud- ing the external angle of the orbit: free edge of front not convex: the process of the basal antennal joint com- pletely separates the lower from the upper inner angle of the orbit : legs spiny :— i, Seven or eight uneven unequal-sized claw-like teeth on the antero-lateral border ............ sesecssoecse H, dentatus, ii. Seven evenly arranged broad Meal. homered teeth of almost uniform size on the antero-lateral PAROS ic. 0ese DU PR aS oe ale w. HH. utilis. II. Four teeth (excluding the external Hei of the orbit) | on the antero-lateral border : free edge of front bow-shaped: the tooth at the inner canthus of the orbit in contact with the eave of the orbit beyond the tip of the process of the basal antennal joint: legs not spiny ....s.s.cccseeeees E, levimanus. 55. Htisus dentatus, (Herbst) Edw. Cancer dentatus, Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 186, pl. xi. fig. 66. Etisus dentatus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 411: Dana, U. 8S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. 185, pl. x. figs. 2a-b : A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IX. 1873, p. 233: Miers, P. Z. 8. 1877, p. 1384: Richters in Mobius, Meeresf. Maurit. we tl. 17 130 A. Alcock —Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 1, p. 146: Lenz and Richters, Abh. Senck. Ges. XII. 1881, p. 421: Haswell, Cat. Austral, Crust. p. 53. Etisodes dentatus, Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. VII. 1893-94, p. 472. Carapace smooth (non-granular): gastric region well defined except at cardiac end, its surface broken, but not definitely lobulated ; similarly with the branchio-hepatic regions. The antero-lateral border bears 7 or 8 (exclusive of the external orbital angle) pro-curved claw-like teeth, uneven both as to size and place, though four of them—which correspond to the 4 lobes of so many other Cancroids—are much of one size and much larger than the other 3 or 4. The front is lamellar with the free edge slightly and angularly emarginate, and is cleft in the middle line by a fine sharp groove that extends well on to the gastric region. The orbital margin has three teeth, separated by fissures, in its outer part. The tooth at the inner angle of the Jower edge of the orbit is sharp, and does not come into contact with the eave of the orbit. Chelipeds in the adult male a little more, in the adult female a little less than twice the length of the carapace: the arm has a few spinules and a good deal of hair along the upper border, and some granules or blunt spinules along its lower and its distal borders; the wrist has a strong spike at its inner angle; the hand may or may not have a few pimple-like granules on its upper outer surface; and the fingers are fluted, the ridges on the dactylus being crenulate or dentate. Otherwise the chelipeds are smooth. In the legs, the merus has both the dorsal and the ventral edges thickly fringed with long stiff hairs, the dorsal edge being also granular ; the carpus has at least three series of spinules along its dorsal surface; the propodite has a rather granular surface with about four (dorsal) series of spinules, and has much of its luwer edge fringed with long stiff hairs; and the dactylus is spiny above and hairy below. Colours of a specimen 7 years in spirit: upper surface bright maroon fading to yellow near the posterior border ; fingers black, In the Indian Museum are a young female from Port Blair (Anda- mans), and three large males (carapace 72 millim. by 111 millim.) from Great Coco I. (Andamans) and Hast I. Andamans. 56. Htisus utilis, Lucas. Etisus utilis, Lucas in Jacquinot, Voy. Astrolabe, Crust. p. 27, pl. ii. fig. 6: Heller, Novara Crust. p.16: A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IX. 1873, p. 233: E. Nauck, Zeits. Wiss. Zool. XXXIV. 1880, p. 58 (gastric teeth): Lenz and Richters, Abh. Senck. Ges. XII. 1881, p. 421: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. VII, 1893-94, p. 472. 1898. ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 131 Carapace smooth (non-granular), distantly pitted in the anterior and lateral parts. Gastric region fairly well defined, except at the cardiac end, its surface showing indistinct traces of lobulation : branchio- hepatic regions with the surface a little uneven. Antero-lateral border with 7 (exclusive of the external orbital angle) regular, even, nearly uniform, compressed, procurved teeth. Front as in Htisus dentatus, but with the angles a little sharper cut. The edge of the orbit is trenchant, and near the outer angle are 3 not very distinct suture-lines: the tooth at the inner angle of the lower border of the orbit is prominent, and does not come into contact with the eave of the orbit. Chelipeds in the adult male twice to twice-and-a-half, in the adult female once-and-a-half to once-and-two-thirds the length of the cara- pace: upper and lower edges of arm coarsely and unevenly granular, much of the upper edge also hairy ; distal end of wrist with 4 or 5 teeth, the inner two of which are long and large; the hand has, along its upper border, a double crest of strong teeth, continued in blunter form along the finger, and on the outer surface of the hand there may be a few pimple-like granules. In the legs, both the upper and lower edges — but most the upper edoe—of the merus, carpus and propodite are thickly fringed with long bristles, as also is the lower edge of the dactylus; the upper edge of the merus has also a row of small spines, and the upper edge of the carpus, propus and dactylus a double row of increasingly larger spines: the lower edge also of the propus and dactylus is spiny. Colours in spirit: dull yellowish pink, fingers black. In the Indian Museum are a male and a female from the Singapore Museum, and supposed to have come from Singapore. (Heller l.c, records this species from the Nicobars). 57. Btisus laevimanus, Randall, Etisus laevimanus, Randall, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., 1839, p. 115: Dana. Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1852, p. 76, and U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 185, pl. x. figs. la-b: A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IX. 1873, p. 234: Kossmann, Reise roth Meer. Crust. p. 30: T. Tozzetti, Magenta Crust. p. 29: Streets, Bull, U.S. Nat. Mus. VII. 1877, p. 105: Hilgendorf, MB. Ak. Berl. 1878, p. 791: Richters in Mobius Meeresf. Manrit. p. 146: de Man, Notes Leyden Mus. III. 1881, p. 99; and Archiv. fiir Naturges. LIII. 1887, i. p. 289; and Zool. Jahrb. Syst. VIII. 1894-95, p. 527: Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust. p.54: Miers, Zool. H. M. S. Alert, pp. 183, 217; and Challenger Brachyura, p. 132: F. Muller, Verh. Ges. Basel VIII. 1886, p. 474: J. R. Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 362: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. Syst. VII. 1893-94, p. 473: Whitelegge, Mem. Austral. Mus, III, 1897, p. 131, 132 A. Alcock —Oarcinological Fauna of India. [No. 1, Etisus macrodactylus, Lucas in Jacquinot’s Voy. Astrolabe, Crust. p. 30, pl. ix. fig. 2, (A. M. E.) Etisus convesus, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, p. 31. Etisus maculatus, Heller, Abh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien XI. 1861, p.9; and SB. Ak. Wien, XLIII. 1861, p. 332: de Man, Notes Leyden Mus. II. 1880, p. 1738. Gastric region well defined on all sides, its anterior part distinctly lobulated ; branchio-hepatic regions with three lobules following the curve of the antero-lateral margins. Antero-lateral border with 4 broad teeth (exclusive of the external orbital angle), the last two of which culminate in procurved points. The front is cleft in the middle line by a groove; its free edge is bow-shaped. ‘The orbital margin has, in its outer half, three lobular constrictions defined by three grooves. The tooth at the inner angle of the lower edge of the orbit is blunt, and it comes into contact with the eave of the orbit beyond the tip of the process of the basal joint of the antenna. Chelipeds in the adult male about twice and a half, in the adult female a little less than twice the length of the carapace ; the wrist has a blunt spine at the inner angle, otherwise they are smooth and un- sculptured. Legs with both edges of all the long joints hairy, most so on the lower edge of the dactylus and on the upper edge of the other joints : the upper edge of the propodite and dactylus is also sharply granular, but: there are no spines. Colours in spirit variable: dull yellow, or. dull greenish-brown, or sea-green, often with cinnamon coloured patches or small spots. In the Indian Museum are 20 specimens, from Persian Gulf, Karachi, Bombay, Laccadives, Andamans, and Singapore, (besides specimens from Celebes and Mauritius). Etisopss, Dana. Etisodes, Dana, Silliman’s Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, (2) XII. 1851, p. 126 (footnote) ; Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1852, p. 77; and U.S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 184. Etisodes, A. Milne Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool., (4) XX. 1861, p. 291; and Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. IX. 1878, p. 235. The genus Hiisodes resembles Htisus in the characteristic form and lie of the basal joint of the antennz, and in the characteristic relation of the front to the orbits ; but it differs in the following particulars :— The carapace is much longer and narrower; it is less convex, especially in its posterior third; its regions are clearly defined, and are definitely sculptured into lobules in the anterior two-thirds of the carapace: the ; 1898, ] A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. 133 chelipeds are much shorter, the difference in length being chiefly in the arm; and the fingers though well hollowed out at tip are not so hoof- like. 58. LHtisodes anaglyptus, (Edw.) Cancer anaglyptus, Milne Edwards in Cuvier, Régne An. Crust. pl. xi. fig. 4, Etisus anaglyptus, Milne Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust. I. 411: Hess, Archiv. fiir Naturges. XX XI. 1868, i. p..184: de Man, Notes Leyden Mus. XIII. 1891, p. 7. _Etisodes anaglyptus, A. Milne Edwards, Nonv. Archiv. du Mus. IX. 1873, p. 235: Haswell, Cat. Austral. Crust. p. 55: Miers, Zool. H. M.S. Alert, pp. 183, 218: Ortmann, Zool. Jahrb. VII. 1893-94, p. 471. Length of carapace nearly three-qnarters the breadth, The regions are all convex and well defined, and the gastric and branchio-hepatic regions are subdivided into convex lobules, the surface of which is somewhat dented transversely. The antero-lateral border is cut into four (excluding the external angle of the orbit) procurved teeth, the last two of which are claw-like. The front projects strongly, and is divided into two dorsally-convex lobes, of which the free edge may either be cut obliquely inwards, or be so excised as to give the front a four-pronged look. The orbital margin has, in its outer half, three grooves separating three blunt teeth: the tooth at the lower inner angle does not come in contact with the eave of the orbit. Chelipeds in the male not much more than half again as long ag the carapace: upper and anterior borders of arm hairy ; upper surface of wrist nodular, with two teeth (one large) at the inner angle; upper outer surface of hand with rather irregular longitudinal series of little nodules and granules ; dactylus fluted, the ridges being crenulated. Legs very shaggy, the hairs almost concealing some lines of sharp granules or spinules on the propodite and dactylus. _ In the Indian Museum is a specimen from the Persian Gulf (be- sides one from Samoa). 59. LHtisodes electra (Herbst), Miers. Cancer electra and ? metis, Herbst, Krabben, III. ii. 34 and 36, pl. i. fig. 6, and pl. liv. fig. 3. Etisus rugosus, Lucas in Jacquinot’s Voy. Astrolabe III. Crust. p. 33, pl. iv fig. 2 (fide A. M. E., infra). ? Chlorodius dentifrons, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1858, p. 34, Etisodes sculptilis, Heller, Abh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien XI. 1861, p. 10, and SB. Ak. Wien XLIII, 1861, p. 333: A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus, IX. 1873, p. 236, pl. ix. fig, 2: Kossmann Reise roth. Meer., Crust. p. 80, 134 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No, 1, Chlorodius samoensis, Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4) XVI. 1875, p. 341 (Miers infra.) Etisodes electra, Miers, Zool. H. M. S. Alert, pp. 183, 217, 517, 532: de Man, Archiv. fiir Naturges, LILI. 1887, i. p. 290: J. R. Henderson, ‘l'rans. Linu. Soc., Zool., (2)3 V. 1893, p. 362. Closely resembles E. anaglyptus, from which it is distinguished by the following characters :— (1) the carapace is even longer and narrower, the length being quite ? the breadth ; (2) the whole shietdi of the lobules of the carapace and of the nodules of the wrist aud hand is closely granular ; (3) the front is cut into four teeth of nearly equal size ; (4) the legs, though hairy, are not so shaggy. In the Indian Museum are 4 specimens from the Andamans and Nicobars, (besides three from Upolu and Mauritius). Alliance V, Halimedoida. Halimede. Polycremnus. PoLycrRemMNnus, Gerstaecker. Polycremnus, Gerstaecker, Archiv. fur Naturges. XXII. 1856, p. 120. Carapace approaching the pentagonal, not very much broader than long, distinctly convex fore-and-aft, slightly convex from side to side, the regions rather indistinctly defined and to a certain extent subdivid- ed by broad shallow depressions. The antero-lateral border is elegantly four-lobed and is continued beneath the orbits to the outer angle of the buccal cavern. The postero- lateral borders are moderately convergent and are about equal in length to the antero-lateral borders and also to the posterior border. The fronto-orbital border is less than half the greatest width of the carapace in extent. The front is narrow (less than a fourth the greatest breadth of the carapace), sublaminar or hood-like, bilobed, and projects well beyond the orbits. The three grooves in the vicinity of the outer angle of the orbit are distinct. Eyes on short thick stalks. The inner angle of the lower edge of the orbit is strongly produced. The antennules fold obliquely. The basal antennal joint is long, rather slender, and well in contact with the front: the flagellum is fous 5 (a good deal longer than the major diameter of the orbit) and is lodged in the narrow orbital hiatus. Anterior edge of merus of external maxillipeds almost transverse. Chelipeds unequal in both sexes. Legs stout. Abdomen of the male with all 7 joints distinct and separate: the last segment unusually long and acute. : 1898. | A. Alcock —Carcinological Fauna of India. 135 60. Polycremnus ochtodes, (Herbst) Gerstaecker. Cancer ochtodes, Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 158, pl. viii. fig. 54: Fabricius, Ent. Syst. II. 455, and Suppl. p. 337. Galene ochtodes, Adams and White, Samarang Crust. p. 43, pl. x. fig. 2. Polycremnus ochtodes, Gerstaecker, Archiv. fur Naturges. XXII. 1856, p. 121: A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., XX. 1886-90, p. 110: Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 359. Carapace oval-pentagonal, its surface smooth, a little lumpy owing to the broad shallow depressions that somewhat indistinctly separate and to a certain extent subdivide the regions, All the borders are of about equal length: the antero-lateral is divided into four rounded deep-cut lobes, decreasing in size from behind forwards, and is continued beneath the slightly tumid lobe of the orbital angle to the angle of the buccal cavern: on the postero-lateral border just behind the junction with the antero-lateral are usually a few granules. The front projects horizontally forward beyond the orbits and consists of two unguiform lobes separated in all their extent by a deep narrow groove: it is a distinct rostrum. The chelipeds are unequal, most markedly so in the male. The upper border of the arm is elegantly cut into teeth or pisiform or pearl- like tubercles: two similar tubercles stand, one below the other, at the inner angle of the wrist, and the upper and outer surfaces of the wrist are more or less covered with papule-like or pustulous tubercles: the upper border of the hand, and of the basal half of the finger bears a row of pisiform tubercles, and there are numerous pustulous tubercles on the upper surface and on the proximal part of the outer surface of the hand: fingers sharp pointed. The legs are smooth, but the upper border of the meropodites of all, or of the first three pairs, is distantly serrate or spinulous: the dactylus and the neighbouring part of the lower border of the propodite is furred. Colours in spirit leaden grey, or yellowish with livid markings. In the Indian Museum are 2 specimens from the Madras Coast and one from Penang. HatimepeE, De Haan. Halimede, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 35: Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts, (2) XII. 1851, p. 125, and U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. p. 149. Closely allied to Polycremnus, having the same form of male abdomen. The genus is not represented in the Indian Museum. 136 A. Alcock — Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 1, 61. Hualimede (?) thurstonit, Henderson. Halimede thurstoni, Henderson, Trans. Linn. Soc., Zool., (2) V. 1893, p. 360, pl. xxxvi. figs. 13, 14. It appears to me doubtful whether this is a true Halimede. Alliance VI. Galenoida. [or Subfamily Gateninz]. GaLENt, De Haan. Galene, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 19. Galene, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, p. 118 (footnote.) Car apace approaching the quadrilateral, strongly convex fore and aft, little convex from side to side; its surface granular in parts, or nearly smooth, and with the regions more or less distinctly shown by broad shallow rather vague depressions. Antero-lateral border moderately arched, ind istinctly four-lobed — the last 2 or 3 lobes in the typical species being marked by spine-like teeth : postero-lateral borders very slightly convergent, rather longer than the chord of the antero-lateral: posterior border long. Fronto-orbital border less than half the greatest width of the cara- pace. Front obliquely deflexed, less than one-fifth the greatest width of the carapace in extent, bilobed or quadridentate. Orbital margin with the three grooves in the vicinity of the outer angle distinct: eyes on thick stalks of moderate length. The antennules fold nearly trans- versely. Basal antennal joint broad, extremely short, not nearly reaching the front; flagellum longish (longer than the major diameter of the orbit) lodged in the broad orbital hiatus. Anterior edge of merus of external maxillipeds a little oblique. Chelipeds massive, unequal in both sexes, fingers pointed. Legs long, stoutish. . Abdomen of male with all 7 joints separate and distinct. No crests, delimiting efferent branchial canals, on the endostome. 62, Galene bispinosa (Herbst) De Haan. Cancer bispinosus, Herbst, Krabben, I. ii. 144, pl. vi. fig. 45, and III. ii, 11, pi. liv. fig. 1: Fabricius, Ent. Syst, IT. 446, and Suppl. p. 337. Cancer (Galene) bispinosus, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 49, pl. v. fig. 2. Galene bispinosa, A. O. Walker, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool., XX. 1886-90, p. 110, - Carapace moderately broad, somewhat pentagonal, its surface for the greater part smooth, but usually scabrous near the borders—espe- cially the postero-lateral borders; its surface is also somewhat lumpy, 1898.] A. Alcock — Carecinological Fauna of India. 137 owing to the very broad depressions which somewhat vaguely delimit and to a certain extent subdivide the regious. Pterygostomian region more or less hairy. The antero-lateral borders are very indistinctly 4-lobed, the first lobe being almost obsolete, the second being usually marked by a granular denticle, aud the third and fourth by two coarse granular spines. The postero-lateral borders, which are little convergent, are slightly longer than the chord of the antero-lateral. The posterior border is about half the greatest width of the carapace. Front really bilobed, but with both the inner and the outer angles of each lobe so equally prominent as to appear 4-dentate. Chelipeds unequal: exposed surfaces of arm either smooth, or more or less scabrous, both borders of arm uneyen and hairy, the distal end of the upper border with two strong teeth: both the inner and the outer angles of thé wrist well pronounced, or even spiniform; the exposed surfaces of the wrist may be almost smooth, but are usually studded, to a variable extent, with sharp little tubercles; the upper outer and lower surfaces of the hand may be almost smooth, but are usually studded, in the proximal third to three-quarters, with similar tubercles, in more or less distinct lines: fingers long, sharp-pointed, the apposed edges with strong molariform teeth. Legs long, stoutish ; upper border of the meropodites scabrous and spinulate, upper border of last 3 joints, and lower border of last 2, plumose. Colours in spirit, leaden white or yellowish. In the Indian Museum are 3 specimens from the Vizagapatam coast and 1 from Tennasserim, (besides one from Hongkong): the amount of granulation of the borders of the carapace and of the cheli- peds is different in all. Subfamily II. ACTAEHINAI. Actm#a, De Haan, A, Milne Edwards. Actza, De Haan, Faun. Jap. Crust. p. 18. Actxa and Actxodes, Dana, U. S. Expl. Exp. Crust. pt. I. pp. 162, 194. Actexa, Heller, Crust. Sudl. Europ. p. 69. Actza, A. Milne Edwards, Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. I. 1865, pp. 259, 260. Psaumis, Kossmann, Crust. roth. Meer. p. 26. Actza and Actzxodes, Miers, Challenger Brachyura, pp. 118, 135. Carapace convex fore and aft, slightly convex or flat from side to side, usually broad, the regions well demarcated by deep grooves, and again subdiyided into lobules, which are usually convex and granular. Antero-lateral borders usually four-lobed, but the lobes are shallow and often indistinct. Postero-lateral borders usually concave, always short, not strongly convergent. air. 18 138 A. Alcock—Carcinological Fauna of India. [No. 1, Front between a third and a fourth the greatest width of the carapace, deflexed, cleft in the middle line into two lobes. Upper edge of orbit tumid, usually with two fissures or sutures; a third below the outer orbital angle: eyestalks short and thick. Antennules folding obliquely or nearly transversely. Basal anten- nal joint usually stopping at the angle of the deflexed front, but often prolonged beyond this, towards or nearly into the orbit; the flagellum is about as long as the orbit, and is lodged in the orbital hiatus. Merus of the external maxillipeds with the anterior border little oblique, Chelipeds equal in both sexes; fingers usually blunt-pointed, some- times hollowed-out at tip. Abdomen of the male five-jointed, somites 3, 4, 5 fused. Small crabs, distinguished by the elaborate lobulation of the cara- pace, and by the form of the front, which is usually deep-cleft in the middle line to form two prominent round-pointed lobes. Key to the Indian species of Actzea. I, Legs of ordinary form :— i. The lobules of the carapace, and the legs, when granular, bear miliary or vesiculous granules of nearly uniform size, not tubercles :— 1. Length of the carapace two-thirds or less than two-thirds the breadth, postero-lateral borders ex- tremely short and concave :— a. Carapace and legs covered witha short dense fur, which does not, however, conceal the lobules or their granules :— a. Fingers hollowed at tip, fur black ... A. tomentosa. B. Fingers long and pede fur light DEOWDjictepoh os a ~. A. areolata, b. Carapace and legs wie numerous Peeties which do not form a coat; fingers blunt- pointed, but not appreciably hollowed at tip. A. hirsutissima, 2. Length of the carapace rather more than two- thirds the breadth, postero-lateral borders slightly concave :— a. Legs and chelipeds lobulated in the same style as the carapace :— a. Lobules of the carapace very marked- ly isolated and very convex, inter- lobular grooves very broad and deep, ane hamy |... 44,. Samons ..